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On-policy distillation (OPD) has emerged as an efficient post-training paradigm for large language models. However, existing studies largely attribute this advantage to denser and more stable supervision, while the parameter-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuchen Cai , Ding Cao , Liang Lin , Chunxi Luo , Xin Xu , Kai Yang , Weijie Liu , Saiyong Yang , Tianxiang Zhao , Guangzhong Sun , Guiquan Liu , Junfeng Fang

Performative prediction (PP) is an algorithmic framework for optimizing machine learning (ML) models where the model's deployment affects the distribution of the data it is trained on. Compared to traditional ML with fixed data, designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Tian Xie , Ding Zhu , Jia Liu , Mahdi Khalili , Xueru Zhang

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) like autonomous vehicles, that utilize learning components, are often sensitive to noise and out-of-distribution (OOD) instances encountered during runtime. As such, safety critical tasks depend upon OOD…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Mohit Prashant , Arvind Easwaran

Practical autonomous driving requires models that generalize by reasoning through spatial-temporal possibilities to exclude unsafe outcomes. While state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods use parallel planning architectures, they fail to explicitly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhao Wu , Haoyang Zhang , Fei He , Rui Wu , Yanhu Shan , Congpei Qiu , Liang Gao , Wei Ke , Tong Zhang

In this paper, we focus on the out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization of self-supervised learning (SSL). By analyzing the mini-batch construction during the SSL training phase, we first give one plausible explanation for SSL having OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Wenwen Qiang , Jingyao Wang , Zeen Song , Jiangmeng Li , Changwen Zheng

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by pairing a target model with a lightweight draft model whose proposed tokens are verified in parallel. A common way to build draft models, like EAGLE3 or DFlash is supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haodi Lei , Yafy Li , Haoran Zhang , Shunkai Zhang , Qianjia Cheng , Xiaoye Qu , Ganqu Cui , Bowen Zhou , Ning Ding , Yun Luo , Yu Cheng

End-to-end autonomous driving systems, predominantly trained through imitation learning, have demonstrated considerable effectiveness in leveraging large-scale expert driving data. Despite their success in open-loop evaluations, these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yi Huang , Zhan Qu , Lihui Jiang , Bingbing Liu , Hongbo Zhang

Policy optimization is among the most popular and successful reinforcement learning algorithms, and there is increasing interest in understanding its theoretical guarantees. In this work, we initiate the study of policy optimization for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Liyu Chen , Haipeng Luo , Aviv Rosenberg

Multisensory polices are known to enhance both state estimation and target tracking. However, in the space of end-to-end sensorimotor control, this multi-sensor outlook has received limited attention. Moreover, systematic ways to make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Guan-Horng Liu , Avinash Siravuru , Sai Prabhakar , Manuela Veloso , George Kantor

Uncertainties in machine learning are a significant roadblock for its application in safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). One source of uncertainty arises from distribution shifts in the input data between training and test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Yeli Feng , Daniel Jun Xian Ng , Arvind Easwaran

End-to-end autonomous driving has substantially progressed by directly predicting future trajectories from raw perception inputs, which bypasses traditional modular pipelines. However, mainstream methods trained via imitation learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shuyao Shang , Yuntao Chen , Yuqi Wang , Yingyan Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Robustness in AI systems refers to their ability to maintain reliable and accurate performance under various conditions, including out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, adversarial attacks, and environmental changes. This is crucial in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Wissam Salhab , Darine Ameyed , Hamid Mcheick , Fehmi Jaafar

Foundational models, trained on vast and diverse datasets, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generalizing across different domains and distributions for various zero-shot tasks. Our work addresses the challenge of retaining these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Tom Shaked , Yuval Goldman , Oran Shayer

Visuomotor policies trained via behavior cloning are vulnerable to covariate shift, where small deviations from expert trajectories can compound into failure. Common strategies to mitigate this issue involve expanding the training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Zhanyi Sun , Shuran Song

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

Training intelligent agents that can drive autonomously in various urban and highway scenarios has been a hot topic in the robotics society within the last decades. However, the diversity of driving environments in terms of road topology…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah

Pure Pursuit (PP) is widely used in autonomous racing for real-time path tracking due to its efficiency and geometric clarity, yet performance is highly sensitive to how key parameters-lookahead distance and steering gain-are chosen.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Mohamed Elgouhary , Amr S. El-Wakeel

Semantically coherent out-of-distribution detection (SCOOD) is a recently proposed realistic OOD detection setting: given labeled in-distribution (ID) data and mixed in-distribution and out-of-distribution unlabeled data as the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zhimao Peng , Enguang Wang , Xialei Liu , Ming-Ming Cheng

Continual supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is the de facto recipe for adapting large language models (LLMs) to a stream of downstream tasks, but it suffers from catastrophic forgetting of earlier capabilities. Recent work shows that on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yan Chen , Taojie Zhu , Meng Zhang , Xin Chen , Jiaqi Huang , Dongyang Xu , Yizhi Wang

Autonomous driving has gained significant advancements in recent years. However, obtaining a robust control policy for driving remains challenging as it requires training data from a variety of scenarios, including rare situations (e.g.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Weizi Li , David Wolinski , Ming C. Lin