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Agentic AI increasingly intervenes proactively by inferring users' situations from contextual data yet often fails for lack of principled judgment about when, why, and whether to act. We address this gap by proposing a conceptual model that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Soyoung Jung , Daehoo Yoon , Sung Gyu Koh , Young Hwan Kim , Yehan Ahn , Sung Park

This survey paper examines the recent advancements in AI agent implementations, with a focus on their ability to achieve complex goals that require enhanced reasoning, planning, and tool execution capabilities. The primary objectives of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Tula Masterman , Sandi Besen , Mason Sawtell , Alex Chao

AI agents promise to serve as general-purpose personal assistants for their users, which requires them to have access to private user data (e.g., personal and financial information). This poses a serious risk to security and privacy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Robert Stanley , Avi Verma , Lillian Tsai , Konstantinos Kallas , Sam Kumar

AI agents are increasingly deployed to automate complex enterprise workflows, yet evidence of their effectiveness in identity governance is limited. We report results from the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating an AI agent…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-19 James Bono , Beibei Cheng , Joaquin Lozano

LLM-based agents have recently attracted significant attention due to their ability to autonomously invoke relevant tools to accomplish complex tasks. However, recent studies have shown that these agents face severe security risks, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jiaqi Luo , Songyang Peng , Jiarun Dai , Zhile Chen , Zhuoxiang Shen , Geng Hong , Xudong Pan , Yuan Zhang , Min Yang

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly adopted as tool-using agents that can plan, observe their environment, and take actions over extended time periods. This evolution challenges current evaluation practices where the AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Simone Aonzo , Merve Sahin , Aurélien Francillon , Daniele Perito

AI agents plan and execute interactions in open-ended environments. For example, OpenAI's Operator can use a web browser to do product comparisons and buy online goods. Much research on making agents useful and safe focuses on directly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Alan Chan , Kevin Wei , Sihao Huang , Nitarshan Rajkumar , Elija Perrier , Seth Lazar , Gillian K. Hadfield , Markus Anderljung

Recent advances in AI agents capable of solving complex, everyday tasks, from scheduling to customer service, have enabled deployment in real-world settings, but their possibilities for unsafe behavior demands rigorous evaluation. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Sanidhya Vijayvargiya , Aditya Bharat Soni , Xuhui Zhou , Zora Zhiruo Wang , Nouha Dziri , Graham Neubig , Maarten Sap

AI systems have found a wide range of real-world applications in recent years. The adoption of edge artificial intelligence, embedding AI directly into edge devices, is rapidly growing. Despite the implementation of guardrails and safety…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Eren Kurshan , Yuan Xie , Paul Franzon

AI alignment is about ensuring AI systems only pursue goals and activities that are beneficial to humans. Most of the current approach to AI alignment is to learn what humans value from their behavioural data. This paper proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Pei-Yu Chen , Myrthe L. Tielman , Dirk K. J. Heylen , Catholijn M. Jonker , M. Birna van Riemsdijk

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) presents significant advancements but also introduces novel security challenges, particularly within agentic workflows where AI agents operate autonomously. These risks escalate in multi-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sunil Kumar Jang Bahadur , Gopala Dhar

Multi-modal AI systems will likely become a ubiquitous presence in our everyday lives. A promising approach to making these systems more interactive is to embody them as agents within physical and virtual environments. At present, systems…

The autonomy and contextual complexity of LLM-based agents render traditional access control (AC) mechanisms insufficient. Static, rule-based systems designed for predictable environments are fundamentally ill-equipped to manage the dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinfeng Li , Dong Huang , Jie Li , Hongyi Cai , Zhenhong Zhou , Wei Dong , XiaoFeng Wang , Yang Liu

Imagine a world where AI can handle your work while you sleep - organizing your research materials, drafting a report, or creating a presentation you need for tomorrow. However, while current digital agents can perform simple tasks, they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yanheng He , Jiahe Jin , Shijie Xia , Jiadi Su , Runze Fan , Haoyang Zou , Xiangkun Hu , Pengfei Liu

AI agents increasingly act through external tools: they query databases, execute shell commands, read and write files, and send network requests. Yet in most current agent stacks, model-generated tool calls are handed to the execution layer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Aojie Yuan , Zhiyuan Su , Yue Zhao

AI is moving from domain-specific autonomy in closed, predictable settings to large-language-model-driven agents that plan and act in open, cross-organizational environments. As a result, the cybersecurity risk landscape is changing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alsharif Abuadbba , Nazatul Sultan , Surya Nepal , Sanjay Jha

The proliferation of generative AI has transformed creative workflows, yet current systems face critical challenges in controllability and content protection. We propose a novel multi-agent framework that addresses both limitations through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haris Khan , Sadia Asif

This paper presents a computational account of how legal norms can influence the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) agents, grounded in the active inference framework (AIF) that is informed by principles of economic legal analysis…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Axel Constant , Mahault Albarracin , Karl J. Friston

Autonomy is a double-edged sword for AI agents, simultaneously unlocking transformative possibilities and serious risks. How can agent developers calibrate the appropriate levels of autonomy at which their agents should operate? We argue…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-29 K. J. Kevin Feng , David W. McDonald , Amy X. Zhang

This paper introduces a dynamic and actionable framework for securing agentic AI systems in enterprise deployment. We contend that safety and security are not merely fixed attributes of individual models but also emergent properties arising…