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Automatically generating formal ontologies from unstructured natural language remains a central challenge in knowledge engineering. While large language models (LLMs) show promise, it remains unclear which architectural design choices drive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Abid Talukder , Maruf Ahmed Mridul , Oshani Seneviratne

Enterprise-scale knowledge management faces significant challenges in integrating multi-source heterogeneous data and enabling effective semantic reasoning. Traditional knowledge graphs often struggle with implicit relationship discovery…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yao Zhang , Hongyin Zhu

The current learning systems typically lack the level of metacognitive awareness, self-directed learning, and time management skills. Most of the ontologically based learning management systems are in the proposed phase and those which are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-09-01 Monika Rani , Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava , O. P. Vyas

Recently, there has been a growing interest in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) due to their remarkable potential in various tasks integrating different modalities, such as image and text, as well as applications such as image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Jihen Amara , Birgitta König-Ries , Sheeba Samuel

The rise of generative large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for automating knowledge representation through concept maps, a long-standing pedagogical tool valued for fostering meaningful learning and higher-order…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xiaoming Zhai

Relational knowledge bases (KBs) are commonly used to represent world knowledge in machines. However, while advantageous for their high degree of precision and interpretability, KBs are usually organized according to manually-defined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Tara Safavi , Danai Koutra

The heterogeneity of data poses a great challenge when data from different sources is to be merged for one application. Solutions for this are offered, for example, by ontology-based data management (OBDM). A challenge of OBDM is the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Andreas Burgdorf , André Pomp , Tobias Meisen

Ontology, and more broadly, Knowledge Graph Matching is a challenging task in which expressiveness has not been fully addressed. Despite the increasing use of embeddings and language models for this task, approaches for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Guilherme Sousa , Rinaldo Lima , Cassia Trojahn

With the exponential increase in online scientific literature, identifying reliable domain-specific data has become increasingly important but also very challenging. Manual data collection and filtering for domain-specific scientific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Gautam , Doina Caragea , Ignacio Ciampitti , Federico Gomez

This paper presents a hybrid architecture for intelligent systems in which large language models (LLMs) are extended with an external ontological memory layer. Instead of relying solely on parametric knowledge and vector-based retrieval…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Pavel Salovskii , Iuliia Gorshkova

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are increasingly utilized for data integration, representation, and visualization. While KG population is critical, it is often costly, especially when data must be extracted from unstructured text in natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sanaz Saki Norouzi , Adrita Barua , Antrea Christou , Nikita Gautam , Andrew Eells , Pascal Hitzler , Cogan Shimizu

As the field of Large Language Models (LLMs) evolves at an accelerated pace, the critical need to assess and monitor their performance emerges. We introduce a benchmarking framework focused on knowledge graph engineering (KGE) accompanied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Lars-Peter Meyer , Johannes Frey , Kurt Junghanns , Felix Brei , Kirill Bulert , Sabine Gründer-Fahrer , Michael Martin

Background. Endowing intelligent systems with semantic data commonly requires designing and instantiating ontologies with domain-specific knowledge. Especially in the early phases, those activities are typically performed manually by human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Giovanni Ciatto , Andrea Agiollo , Matteo Magnini , Andrea Omicini

Ontologies have become essential in today's digital age as a way of organising the vast amount of readily available unstructured text. In providing formal structure to this information, ontologies have immense value and application across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dekai Zhang , Simone Conia , Antonio Rago

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in various tasks such as natural language understanding, text summarization, and machine translation. However, their general-purpose nature often limits their effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zirui Song , Bin Yan , Yuhan Liu , Miao Fang , Mingzhe Li , Rui Yan , Xiuying Chen

Investigating whether pre-trained language models (LMs) can function as knowledge bases (KBs) has raised wide research interests recently. However, existing works focus on simple, triple-based, relational KBs, but omit more sophisticated,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yuan He , Jiaoyan Chen , Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz , Hang Dong , Ian Horrocks

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various components of Ontology Matching pipelines. This paper investigates the capability of LLMs to perform ontology matching directly on ontology modules and generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guilherme Sousa , Rinaldo Lima , Cassia Trojahn

Efficient knowledge management plays a pivotal role in augmenting both the operational efficiency and the innovative capacity of businesses and organizations. By indexing knowledge through vectorization, a variety of knowledge retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Feihu Jiang , Chuan Qin , Kaichun Yao , Chuyu Fang , Fuzhen Zhuang , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

Competency Questions (CQs) are a cornerstone of requirement elicitation in ontology engineering. CQs represent requirements as a set of natural language questions that an ontology should satisfy; they are traditionally modelled by ontology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Reham Alharbi , Valentina Tamma , Terry R. Payne , Jacopo de Berardinis

We tackle the task of enriching ontologies by automatically translating natural language sentences into Description Logic. Since Large Language Models (LLMs) are the best tools for translations, we fine-tuned a GPT-3 model to convert…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Patricia Mateiu , Adrian Groza