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Evaluating generative AI models is increasingly resource-intensive due to slow inference, expensive raters, and a rapidly growing landscape of models and benchmarks. We propose ProEval, a proactive evaluation framework that leverages…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yizheng Huang , Wenjun Zeng , Aditi Kumaresan , Zi Wang

Going beyond the prediction of numerical scores, recent research in automated essay scoring has increasingly emphasized the generation of high-quality feedback that provides justification and actionable guidance. To mitigate the high cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Seongyeub Chu , Jongwoo Kim , Munyong Yi

Existing metrics for assessing question generation not only require costly human reference but also fail to take into account the input context of generation, rendering the lack of deep understanding of the relevance between the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

Challenges in the automated evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Question-Answering (QA) systems include hallucination problems in domain-specific knowledge and the lack of gold standard benchmarks for company internal tasks.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zackary Rackauckas , Arthur Câmara , Jakub Zavrel

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach for building LLM-based question-answering systems that can take advantage of external knowledge databases. Due to the complexity of real-world RAG systems, there are many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Kin Kwan Leung , Mouloud Belbahri , Yi Sui , Alex Labach , Xueying Zhang , Stephen Anthony Rose , Jesse C. Cresswell

Large Language Models (LLMs) require robust confidence estimation, particularly in critical domains like healthcare and law where unreliable outputs can lead to significant consequences. Despite much recent work in confidence estimation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Xiaoou Liu , Zhen Lin , Longchao Da , Chacha Chen , Shubhendu Trivedi , Hua Wei

To integrate seamlessly into real-world software engineering, Code Agents must evolve from passive instruction followers into proactive collaborative partners. However, current evaluation paradigms predominantly reward "guessing" user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jialin Li , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang

Despite the remarkable coherence of Large Language Models (LLMs), existing evaluation methods often suffer from fluency bias and rely heavily on multiple-choice formats, making it difficult to assess factual accuracy and complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Raymond Bernard , Shaina Raza , Subhabrata Das , Rahul Murugan

Selecting artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as large language models (LLMs), from multiple candidates requires accurate performance estimation. This is ideally achieved through empirical evaluations involving abundant real-world…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-03 Sangwoo Park , Matteo Zecchin , Osvaldo Simeone

Robust evaluation is critical for deploying trustworthy retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. However, current LLM-based evaluation frameworks predominantly rely on directly prompting resource-intensive models with complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Kun Li , Yunxiang Li , Tianhua Zhang , Hongyin Luo , Xixin Wu , James Glass , Helen Meng

The rapid evolution of generative video foundation models has propelled the field toward professional-grade cinematic synthesis. To achieve such demanding quality, the community transitions towards Reinforcement Learning (RL) and agentic…

Existing evaluation metrics for natural language generation (NLG) tasks face the challenges on generalization ability and interpretability. Specifically, most of the well-performed metrics are required to train on evaluation datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Pei Ke , Fei Huang , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Qun Liu , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models has catalyzed a surge in scientific idea production, yet this leap has not been accompanied by a matching advance in idea evaluation. The fundamental nature of scientific evaluation needs…

Since the natural language processing (NLP) community started to make large language models (LLMs) act as a critic to evaluate the quality of generated texts, most of the existing works train a critique generation model on the evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Pei Ke , Bosi Wen , Zhuoer Feng , Xiao Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Jiale Cheng , Shengyuan Wang , Aohan Zeng , Yuxiao Dong , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Evaluation of language model outputs on structured writing tasks is typically conducted with a number of desirable criteria presented to human evaluators or large language models (LLMs). For instance, on a prompt like "Help me draft an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Manya Wadhwa , Zayne Sprague , Chaitanya Malaviya , Philippe Laban , Junyi Jessy Li , Greg Durrett

Automatic question generation (QG) is essential for AI and NLP, particularly in intelligent tutoring, dialogue systems, and fact verification. Generating multiple-choice questions (MCQG) for professional exams, like the United States…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zonghai Yao , Aditya Parashar , Huixue Zhou , Won Seok Jang , Feiyun Ouyang , Zhichao Yang , Hong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI-generated content evaluation, with the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm becoming increasingly popular. However, current single-LLM evaluation approaches face significant challenges, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiyue Qian , Shinan Zhang , Yun Zhou , Haibo Ding , Diego Socolinsky , Yi Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are pre-trained on ultra-large-scale corpora, the problem of data contamination is becoming increasingly serious, and there is a risk that static evaluation benchmarks overestimate the performance of LLMs. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Yang Fan

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in diverse and challenging scenarios is essential to align them with human preferences. To mitigate the prohibitive costs associated with human evaluations, utilizing a powerful LLM as a judge has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tianjun Wei , Wei Wen , Ruizhi Qiao , Xing Sun , Jianghong Ma

Evaluating free-form Question Answering (QA) remains a challenge due to its diverse and open-ended nature. Traditional automatic metrics fail to capture semantic equivalence or accommodate the variability of open-ended responses. Leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sher Badshah , Moamen Moustafa , Hassan Sajjad