Related papers: The recipe for the degrees of freedom

We present a Lagrangian approach to counting degrees of freedom in first-order field theories. The emphasis is on the systematic attainment of a complete set of constraints. In particular, we provide the first comprehensive procedure to…

In this paper we present a Lagrangian method that allows the physical degree of freedom count for any Lagrangian system without having to perform neither Dirac nor covariant canonical analyses. The essence of our method is to establish a…

We present a clear, step-by-step method for counting degrees of freedom and identifying constraints in general field theories. This approach, grounded in the works of Einstein, Hilbert, Cartan, Kuranishi, and, more recently, Seiler, is…

Open effective field theories provide a systematic framework for describing physical systems interacting with an environment whose microscopic details are unknown, unobservable, or uncalculable. A basic step in constructing any effective…

To circumvent some technical difficulties faced by the geometric Lagrangian approach to the physical degree of freedom count presented in the work of Diaz, Higuita, and Montesinos, J. Math. Phys. 55, 122901 (2014) that prevent its direct…

We present a method that is optimized to explicitly obtain all the constraints and thereby count the propagating degrees of freedom in (almost all) manifestly first order classical field theories. Our proposal uses as its only inputs a…

For physical theories, the degree of arbitrariness of a system is of great importance, and is often closely linked to the concept of degree of freedom, and for most systems this number is far from obvious. In this paper we present an easy…

Typically higher-derivative theories are unstable. Instabilities manifest themselves from extra propagating degrees of freedom, which are unphysical. In this paper, we will investigate an infinite derivative field theory and study its true…

We present a canonical formulation of gravity theories whose Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the Riemann tensor. Our approach allows a unified treatment of various subcases and an easy identification of the degrees of freedom of the…

A geometric global formulation of the higher-order Lagrangian formalism for systems with finite number of degrees of freedom is provided. The formalism is applied to the study of systems with groups of Noetherian symmetries.

A detailed program is proposed in the Lagrangian formalism to investigate the dynamical behavior of a theory with singular Lagrangian. This program goes on, at different levels, parallel to the Hamiltonian analysis. In particular, we…

We describe in detail how to eliminate nonphysical degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations of a constrained system. Two important and distinct steps in our method are the fixing of ambiguities in the dynamics and…

We study in a systematic way a generic nonderivative (massive) deformation of general relativity using the Hamiltonian formalism. The number of propagating degrees of freedom is analyzed in a nonperturbative and background independent way.…

Given a theory in a region of space-time with boundaries, defined by a Lagrangian, we propose a method to find the corresponding theory at the boundary (either space-like or time-like), that allows us to identify the degrees of freedom at…

This work is devoted to a systematic exposition of the dynamics of a rigid body, considered as a system with kinematic constraints. Having accepted the variational problem in accordance with this, we no longer need any additional postulates…

In this work we discuss how to correctly obtain the number of degrees of freedom of a system constituted by n particles with fixed relative distances and which are immerse in a three-dimensional space. As a result of our analysis, we…

We propose a new mechanism for symmetry breaking in which, apart from particle degrees of freedom, topological degrees of freedom also emerge. In this method, a decomposition for the fields of the Yang-Mills-Higgs theory is introduced and…

We present a new Lagrangian approach for the dynamical structure of the generalized Proca theory (GP). This approach includes the A-Z constraint structure of the model in the Lagrangian formalism and ends up with an accurate count of the…

We present the technique of derivation of a theory to obtain an $(n+1)f$-degrees-of-freedom theory from an $f$-degrees-of-freedom theory and show that one can calculate all of the quantities of the derived theory from those of the original…

Degrees of freedom is a fundamental concept in statistical modeling, as it provides a quantitative description of the amount of fitting performed by a given procedure. But, despite this fundamental role in statistics, its behavior not…