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Related papers: ReasAlign: Reasoning Enhanced Safety Alignment aga…

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Large Language Model (LLM) agents exhibit remarkable performance across diverse applications by using external tools to interact with environments. However, integrating external tools introduces security risks, such as indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Qiusi Zhan , Richard Fang , Henil Shalin Panchal , Daniel Kang

Large language models have gained widespread prominence, yet their vulnerability to prompt injection and other adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. This paper argues for a security-by-design AI paradigm that proactively mitigates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Dalal Alharthi , Ivan Roberto Kawaminami Garcia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in reasoning, yet sometimes produce responses that are suboptimal for users in tasks such as writing, information seeking, or providing practical guidance. Conventional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Siqi Zhu , David Zhang , Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Jiaxuan You

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into various sensitive applications, prompt injection, the use of prompting to induce harmful behaviors from LLMs, poses an ever increasing risk. Prompt injection attacks can cause LLMs to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Isaac Wu , Michael Maslowski

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to automate complex workflows, but integrating untrusted external data with privileged execution exposes them to severe security risks, particularly direct and indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zonghao Ying , Haozheng Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

Recent work has embodied LLMs as agents, allowing them to access tools, perform actions, and interact with external content (e.g., emails or websites). However, external content introduces the risk of indirect prompt injection (IPI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Qiusi Zhan , Zhixiang Liang , Zifan Ying , Daniel Kang

Large language models (LLMs) are now ubiquitous in everyday tools, raising urgent safety concerns about their tendency to generate harmful content. The dominant safety approach -- reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sathwik Karnik , Somil Bansal

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan

Large language models (LLMs) and their applications, such as agents, are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. State-of-the-art prompt injection detection methods have the following limitations: (1) their effectiveness degrades…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yanting Wang , Wei Zou , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia

LLM-integrated applications are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where an attacker contaminates the input to inject malicious instructions, causing the LLM to follow the attacker's intent instead of the original user's. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wei Zou , Yupei Liu , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Neil Gong , Jinyuan Jia

Reasoning Language Models (RLMs) have gained traction for their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning tasks through mechanisms such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuned reasoning traces. While these capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Riccardo Cantini , Nicola Gabriele , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps prior to generating final answers, helping the model excel in complex problem-solving. In this paper, we demonstrate that this emerging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Jiachen T. Wang , G. Edward Suh , Prateek Mittal

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) enable exciting LLM-integrated applications, which perform text-based tasks by utilizing their advanced language understanding capabilities. However, as LLMs have improved, so have the attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sizhe Chen , Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

As large language models (LLMs) grow more capable, concerns about their safe deployment have also grown. Although alignment mechanisms have been introduced to deter misuse, they remain vulnerable to carefully designed adversarial prompts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinbo Wu , Abhishek Umrawal , Lav R. Varshney

When large language model (LLM) systems interact with external data to perform complex tasks, a new attack, namely prompt injection, becomes a significant threat. By injecting instructions into the data accessed by the system, the attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sizhe Chen , Yizhu Wang , Nicholas Carlini , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

When large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate tasks and interact with untrusted external data, prompt injection emerges as a significant security threat. By injecting malicious instructions into the data that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yizhu Wang , Sizhe Chen , Raghad Alkhudair , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

Large Language Models (LLMs) and multi-agent systems have shown impressive capabilities in natural language tasks but face challenges in clinical trial applications, primarily due to limited access to external knowledge. Recognizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ling Yue , Sixue Xing , Jintai Chen , Tianfan Fu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning tasks, yet ensuring their safety remains a critical challenge. Recent input-side defenses detect unsafe images with CLIP and prepend safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Junfeng Fang , Shuo Wang , Yin Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Prompt injection attacks pose a critical threat to large language models (LLMs), enabling goal hijacking and data leakage. Prompt guard models, though effective in defense, suffer from over-defense -- falsely flagging benign inputs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Hao Li , Xiaogeng Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved widespread adoption across numerous applications. However, many LLMs are vulnerable to malicious attacks even after safety alignment. These attacks typically bypass LLMs' safety guardrails by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yucheng Li , Surin Ahn , Huiqiang Jiang , Amir H. Abdi , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu
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