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It is imperative that useful quantum computers be very difficult to simulate classically; otherwise classical computers could be used for the applications envisioned for the quantum ones. Perfect quantum computers are unarguably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-26 Yiqing Zhou , E. Miles Stoudenmire , Xavier Waintal

To realize the full potential of quantum computers, we must mitigate qubit errors by developing noise-aware algorithms, compilers, and architectures. Thus, simulating quantum programs on high-performance computing (HPC) systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Meng Wang , Swamit Tannu , Prashant J. Nair

Fault-tolerant architectures aim to reduce the noise of a quantum computation. Despite such architectures being well studied a detailed understanding of how noise is transformed in a fault-tolerant primitive such as magic state injection is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Nicholas Fazio , Robin Harper , Stephen D. Bartlett

Simulating quantum circuits with classical computers requires resources growing exponentially in terms of system size. Real quantum computer with noise, however, may be simulated polynomially with various methods considering different noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-07 Song Cheng , Chenfeng Cao , Chao Zhang , Yongxiang Liu , Shi-Yao Hou , Pengxiang Xu , Bei Zeng

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

In this work, we consider biased-noise qubits affected only by bit-flip errors, which is motivated by existing systems of stabilized cat qubits. This property allows us to design a class of noisy Hadamard-tests involving entangling and…

Magic is a non-classical resource whose efficient manipulation is fundamental to advancing efficient and scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Quantum advantage is possible only if both magic and entanglement are present. Of particular…

Quantum error correction protocols have been developed to offset the high sensitivity to noise inherent in quantum systems. However, much is still unknown about the behaviour of a quantum error-correcting code under general noise, including…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Stefanie J. Beale , Joel J. Wallman

Advancements in quantum computing have spurred significant interest in harnessing its potential for speedups over classical systems. However, noise remains a major obstacle to achieving reliable quantum algorithms. In this work, we present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Lucas Tecot , Di Luo , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Dynamic circuits use real-time outcomes of mid-circuit measurements, processed by a classical controller, to adapt subsequent operations during circuit execution. This additional flexibility over static circuits comes at a price.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Innocenzo Fulginiti , Yanbin Chen , Christian B. Mendl , Helmut Seidl

Noise is often regarded as anathema to quantum computation, but in some settings it can be an unlikely ally. We consider the problem of learning the class of $n$-bit parity functions by making queries to a quantum example oracle. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-05 Andrew W. Cross , Graeme Smith , John A. Smolin

We address the dynamics of nonclassicality for a quantum system interacting with a noisy fluctuating environment described by a classical stochastic field. As a paradigmatic example, we consider a harmonic oscillator initially prepared in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-27 Jacopo Trapani , Matteo Bina , Sabrina Maniscalco , Matteo G. A. Paris

Any technology requires precise benchmarking of its components, and the quantum technologies are no exception. Randomized benchmarking allows for the relatively resource economical estimation of the average gate fidelity of quantum gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-14 E. Onorati , A. H. Werner , J. Eisert

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

The Gottesman-Knill theorem says that a stabilizer circuit -- that is, a quantum circuit consisting solely of CNOT, Hadamard, and phase gates -- can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer. This paper improves that theorem in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Scott Aaronson , Daniel Gottesman

We investigate the effects of noise on parameterised quantum circuits using spectral analysis and classical signal processing tools. For different noise models, we quantify the additional, higher frequency modes in the output signal caused…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-11 Enrico Fontana , Ivan Rungger , Ross Duncan , Cristina Cîrstoiu

Quantum computation provides great speedup over its classical counterpart for certain problems. One of the key challenges for quantum computation is to realize precise control of the quantum system in the presence of noise. Control of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-30 Xing Rong , Jianpei Geng , Fazhan Shi , Ying Liu , Kebiao Xu , Wenchao Ma , Fei Kong , Zhen Jiang , Yang Wu , Jiangfeng Du

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

In this paper, we show recent results indicating that using electrical noise as information carrier offers outstanding potentials reminding of quantum informatics. One example is noise-based computing and logic that shows certain…

General Physics · Physics 2008-12-01 Laszlo B. Kish

Quantum systems, in general, output data that cannot be simulated efficiently by a classical computer, and hence is useful for solving certain mathematical problems and simulating quantum many-body systems. This also implies, unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Keisuke Fujii , Masahito Hayashi