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Intelligent agents collect and process information from their dynamically evolving neighbourhood to efficiently navigate through it. However, agent-level intelligence does not guarantee that at the level of a collective; a common example is…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-09-25 Danny Raj Masila , Rupesh Mahore

Active matter systems encompass both natural and artificially created systems consisting of numerous active particles. These particles actively consume energy to propel themselves or exert mechanical forces, leading to intricate behaviors…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-12 Mintu Karmakar

Dynamical systems across many disciplines are modeled as interacting particles or agents, with interaction rules that depend on a very small number of variables (e.g. pairwise distances, pairwise differences of phases, etc...), functions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Jinchao Feng , Mauro Maggioni , Patrick Martin , Ming Zhong

In equilibrium, the collective behaviour of particles interacting via steep, short-ranged potentials is well captured by the virial expansion of the free energy at low density. Here, we extend this approach beyond equilibrium to the case of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-06-21 Yuting Irene Li , Rosalba Garcia-Millan , Michael E. Cates , Étienne Fodor

Animating and simulating crowds using an agent-based approach is a well-established area where every agent in the crowd is individually controlled such that global human-like behaviour emerges. We observe that human navigation and movement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yibo Liu , Liam Shatzel , Brandon Haworth , Teseo Schneider

Collective action and group formation are fundamental behaviors among both organisms cooperating to maximize their fitness, and people forming socioeconomic organizations. Researchers have extensively explored social interaction structures…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-09 Jordan T Kemp , Adam G Kline , Luís MA Bettencourt

In this paper, we identify a radically new viewpoint on the collective behaviour of groups of intelligent agents. We first develop a highly general abstract model for the possible future lives that these agents may encounter as a result of…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2017-04-20 Richard P. Mann , Roman Garnett

Populations of agents often exhibit surprising collective behavior emerging from simple local interactions. The common belief is that the agents must posses a certain level of cognitive abilities for such an emerging collective behavior to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-15 M. Andrecut

Collective motion is a phenomenon observed across length scales in nature, from bacterial swarming and tissue migration to the flocking of animals. The mechanisms underlying this behavior vary significantly depending on the biological…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-01-15 Urvi Mahendra Bora , Mohd Suhail Rizvi

Active matter, comprising many active agents interacting and moving in fluids or more complex environments, is a commonly occurring state of matter in biological and physical systems. By its very nature active matter systems exist in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-02-08 Pierre Gaspard , Raymond Kapral

The formation of dynamical patterns is one of the most striking features of nonequilibrium physical systems. Recent work has shown that such patterns arise generically from forces that violate Newton's third law, known as nonreciprocal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-26 James Mason , Robert L. Jack , Maria Bruna

Understanding the mechanisms behind emergent behaviors in multi-agent systems is critical for advancing fields such as swarm robotics and artificial intelligence. In this study, we investigate how neural networks evolve to control agents'…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-10-28 Guilherme S. Y. Giardini , John F. Hardy , Carlo R. da Cunha

We investigate the effect of cooperative interactions in an ensemble of microorganisms, modelled as self-propelled disk-like and rod-like particles, in a three-dimensional turbulent flow to show flocking as an emergent phenomenon. Building…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-20 Anupam Gupta , Amal Roy , Arnab Saha , Samriddhi Sankar Ray

Active inference helps us simulate adaptive behavior and decision-making in biological and artificial agents. Building on our previous work exploring the relationship between active inference, well-being, resilience, and sustainability, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Mahault Albarracin , Ines Hipolito , Maria Raffa , Paul Kinghorn

We analyse collective motion that occurs during rare (large deviation) events in systems of active particles, both numerically and analytically. We discuss the associated dynamical phase transition to collective motion, which occurs when…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-10 Yann-Edwin Keta , Étienne Fodor , Frédéric van Wijland , Michael E. Cates , Robert L. Jack

In this work we introduce an approach for modeling and analyzing collective behavior of a group of agents using moments. We represent the group of agents via their distribution and derive a method to estimate the dynamics of the moments. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-30 Silun Zhang , Axel Ringh , Xiaoming Hu , Johan Karlsson

Inferring the laws of interaction between particles and agents in complex dynamical systems from observational data is a fundamental challenge in a wide variety of disciplines. We propose a non-parametric statistical learning approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Fei Lu , Mauro Maggioni , Sui Tang , Ming Zhong

Collective motion is ubiquitous in nature; groups of animals, such as fish, birds, and ungulates appear to move as a whole, exhibiting a rich behavioral repertoire that ranges from directed movement to milling to disordered swarming.…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-05-15 Conor Heins , Beren Millidge , Lancelot da Costa , Richard Mann , Karl Friston , Iain Couzin

We study the collective behavior in a stochastic agent-based model of active matter. Provided a critical take-up of energy, agents produce two types of goods $x$, $y$ that follow a generalized Lotka-Volterra dynamics. For isolated agents,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2025-10-20 Frank Schweitzer , Georges Andres , Adrien Baut , Giona Casiraghi , Christoph Gote , Ramona Roller

Collective motion provides a spectacular example of self-organization in Nature. Visual information plays a crucial role among various types of information in determining interactions. Recently, experiments have revealed that organisms such…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2024-07-26 Susumu Ito , Nariya Uchida