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Contextuality is a key characteristic that separates quantum from classical phenomena and an important tool in understanding the potential advantage of quantum computation. However, when assessing the quantum resources available for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Maiyuren Srikumar , Stephen D. Bartlett , Angela Karanjai

We present unambiguous experimental evidence for (quantum-like) probabilistic contextuality in psychology. All previous attempts to find contextuality in a psychological experiment were unsuccessful because of the gross violations of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-24 Victor H. Cervantes , Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

In this essay I develop quantum contextuality as a potential candidate for Wheeler's universal regulating principle, arguing -- \textit{contrary} to Wheeler -- that this ultimately implies that `bit' comes from `it.' In the process I…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-24 Ian T. Durham

Most scholars maintain that quantum mechanics (QM) is a contextual theory and that quantum probability does not allow an epistemic (ignorance) interpretation. By inquiring possible connections between contextuality and non-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-13 Claudio Garola

Contextuality is a particular quantum phenomenon that has no analogue in classical probability theory. Given two independent systems, a natural question is how to represent such a situation as a single test space. In other words, how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-24 Ana Belén Sainz , Elie Wolfe

Contextuality has long been associated with topological properties. In this work, such a relationship is elevated to identification in the broader framework of generalized contextuality. We employ the usual identification of states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Sidiney B. Montanhano

Contextuality is a key signature of quantum non-classicality, which has been shown to play a central role in enabling quantum advantage for a wide range of information-processing and computational tasks. We study the logic of contextuality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-09 Samson Abramsky , Rui Soares Barbosa

We study contextual chance-constrained programming under decision-dependent uncertainty. In this setting, a decision not only needs to satisfy constraints but also alters the distribution of uncertain outcomes. This dependency makes the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Xiangting Liu , Shengran Wang , Kaile Yan , Zhi-Hai Zhang

We show that the phenomenon of quantum contextuality can be used to certify lower bounds on the dimension accessed by the measurement devices. To prove this, we derive bounds for different dimensions and scenarios of the simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-12 Otfried Gühne , Costantino Budroni , Adan Cabello , Matthias Kleinmann , Jan-Åke Larsson

The object of contextuality analysis is a set of random variables each of which is uniquely labeled by a content and a context. In the measurement terminology, the content is that which the random variable measures, whereas the context…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov

Quantum contextuality is one of the most recognized resources in quantum communication and computing scenarios. We provide a new quantifier of this resource, the rank of contextuality (RC). We define RC as the minimum number of…

Contextuality was originally defined only for consistently connected systems of random variables (those without disturbance/signaling). Contextuality-by-Default theory (CbD) offers an extension of the notion of contextuality to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Ehtibar Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

This paper is based on four assumptions: 1. Physical reality is made of linearly behaving components combined in non-linear ways. 2. Higher level behaviour emerges from this lower level structure. 3. The way the lower level elements behaves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 George F. R. Ellis

Cyclic systems of dichotomous random variables have played a prominent role in contextuality research, describing such experimental paradigms as the Klyachko-Can-Binicoglu-Shumovky, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell, and Leggett-Garg ones in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-19 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala , Víctor H. Cervantes

The emergence of classicality is fundamentally driven by the interaction between a quantum system and its environment. Foundational open-system approaches, notably the Caldeira-Leggett model, successfully captured how these interactions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Arthur C. R. Dutra , Roberto D. Baldijão , Marcelo Terra Cunha

Quantum contextuality is the key concept which explains the fact that the result of a measurement is not independent of the context in which it is found. It is observed to be an intrinsic feature, i.e., neither entanglement nor spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-23 Firat Diker , Zafer Gedik

Language is contextual as meanings of words are dependent on their contexts. Contextuality is, concomitantly, a well-defined concept in quantum mechanics where it is considered a major resource for quantum computations. We investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Daphne Wang , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh , Samson Abramsky , Victor H. Cervantes

We construct a topological space to study contextuality in quantum mechanics. The resulting space is a classifying space in the sense of algebraic topology. Cohomological invariants of our space correspond to physical quantities relevant to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-07 Cihan Okay , Daniel Sheinbaum

Contextuality is a distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics and there is growing evidence that it is a necessary condition for quantum advantage. In order to make use of it, researchers have been asking whether similar phenomena arise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Kin Ian Lo , Mehrnoosh Sadrzadeh , Shane Mansfield

Quantum contextuality, where measurement outcomes depend on the measurement context, implies a failure of classical realism in quantum systems. As recently shown, the transition between measurement contexts can be mapped onto the path that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Yuki Sagawa , Jonte R. Hance , Holger F. Hofmann , Takafumi Ono