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Searching for approximate nearest neighbors (ANN) in the high-dimensional Euclidean space is a pivotal problem. Recently, with the help of fast SIMD-based implementations, Product Quantization (PQ) and its variants can often efficiently and…

Vector search powers transformers technology, but real-world use demands hybrid queries that combine vector similarity with attribute filters (e.g., "top document in category X, from 2023"). Current solutions trade off recall, speed, and…

IVF is one of the most widely used ANNS (Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search) methods in vector databases. The idea of redundant assignment is to assign a data vector to more than one IVF lists for reducing the chance of missing true…

Text reranking models are a crucial component in modern systems like Retrieval-Augmented Generation, tasked with selecting the most relevant documents prior to generation. However, current Large Language Models (LLMs) powered rerankers…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is crucial for improving the quality of large language models by injecting proper contexts extracted from external sources. RAG requires high-throughput, low-latency Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search…

Standard Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) chunking methods often create excessive redundancy, increasing storage costs and slowing retrieval. This study explores chunk filtering strategies, such as semantic, topic-based, and…

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) pipelines are commonly used in tasks such as question-answering (QA), relying on retrieving relevant documents from a vector store computed using a pretrained embedding model. However, if the retrieved…

Vector quantization is a fundamental operation for data compression and vector search. To obtain high accuracy, multi-codebook methods represent each vector using codewords across several codebooks. Residual quantization (RQ) is one such…

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled Large Language Models to answer financial questions using external knowledge bases of U.S. SEC filings, earnings reports, and regulatory documents. However, existing…

ANNS for embedded vector representations of texts is commonly used in information retrieval, with two important information representations being sparse and dense vectors. While it has been shown that combining these representations…

Embedding-based vector search underpins many important applications, such as recommendation and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). It relies on vector indices to enable efficient search. However, these indices require storing…

Dense retrieval, which describes the use of contextualised language models such as BERT to identify documents from a collection by leveraging approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) techniques, has been increasing in popularity. Two families of…

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is widely used in the retrieval stage of large-scale recommendation systems. In this stage, candidate items are indexed using their learned embedding vectors, and ANN search is executed for each…

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in many areas of machine learning and data mining. During the past decade, numerous hashing algorithms are proposed to solve this problem. Every proposed algorithm claims…

While memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) offer an effective solution for few-shot learning (FSL) by integrating deep neural networks with external memory, the capacity requirements and energy overhead of data movement become enormous…

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a cornerstone algorithm for information retrieval, recommendation systems, and machine learning applications. While x86-based architectures have historically dominated this domain, the…

Sparse embeddings of data form an attractive class due to their inherent interpretability: Every dimension is tied to a term in some vocabulary, making it easy to visually decipher the latent space. Sparsity, however, poses unique…

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Recent studies have shown that Dense Retrieval (DR) techniques can significantly improve the performance of first-stage retrieval in IR systems. Despite its empirical effectiveness, the application of DR is still limited. In contrast to…

Analog computing has reemerged as a promising avenue for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) due to its potential to overcome the energy efficiency and scalability challenges posed by traditional digital architectures. However,…