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Hallucination has been widely recognized to be a significant drawback for large language models (LLMs). There have been many works that attempt to reduce the extent of hallucination. These efforts have mostly been empirical so far, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Ziwei Xu , Sanjay Jain , Mohan Kankanhalli

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has facilitated the development of natural language text generation. It also poses unprecedented challenges, with content hallucination emerging as a significant concern. Existing solutions often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiaoxi Sun , Jinpeng Li , Yan Zhong , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

This paper introduces a comprehensive system for detecting hallucinations in large language model (LLM) outputs in enterprise settings. We present a novel taxonomy of LLM responses specific to hallucination in enterprise applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Bibek Paudel , Alexander Lyzhov , Preetam Joshi , Puneet Anand

The hallucination problem of Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly limits their reliability and trustworthiness. Humans have a self-awareness process that allows us to recognize what we don't know when faced with queries. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Ziwei Ji , Delong Chen , Etsuko Ishii , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Yejin Bang , Bryan Wilie , Pascale Fung

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucinations, i.e., nonsensical, unfaithful, and undesirable text. Users tend to overrely on LLMs and corresponding hallucinations which can lead to misinterpretations and errors. To tackle the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Florian Leiser , Sven Eckhardt , Valentin Leuthe , Merlin Knaeble , Alexander Maedche , Gerhard Schwabe , Ali Sunyaev

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse tasks, their practical deployment is severely hindered by hallucination issues, which become particularly acute during Reinforcement Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Miao Pan , Wangjie Gan , Jintao Chen , Wenqi Zhang , Bing Sun , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

Addressing the issue of hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge. As the cognitive mechanisms of hallucination have been related to memory, here we explore hallucination for LLM that is enabled with explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Georgios Kollias , Payel Das , Subhajit Chaudhury

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) are always seen as limitations. However, could they also be a source of creativity? This survey explores this possibility, suggesting that hallucinations may contribute to LLM application by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Xuhui Jiang , Yuxing Tian , Fengrui Hua , Chengjin Xu , Yuanzhuo Wang , Jian Guo

The hallucination of large multimodal models (LMMs), providing responses that appear correct but are actually incorrect, limits their reliability and applicability. This paper aims to study the hallucination problem of LMMs in video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hongcheng Gao , Jiashu Qu , Jingyi Tang , Baolong Bi , Yue Liu , Hongyu Chen , Li Liang , Li Su , Qingming Huang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable fluency across linguistic and reasoning tasks but remain systematically prone to hallucination. Prevailing accounts attribute hallucinations to data gaps, limited context, or optimization…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Richard Ackermann , Simeon Emanuilov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded their capabilities beyond language generation to interact with external tools, enabling automation and real-world applications. However, tool hallucinations, where models either select…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hongshen Xu , Zichen Zhu , Lei Pan , Zihan Wang , Su Zhu , Da Ma , Ruisheng Cao , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) suffer from hallucination a lot, generating responses that apparently contradict to the image content occasionally. The key problem lies in its weak ability to comprehend detailed content in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Zhiyang Chen , Yousong Zhu , Yufei Zhan , Zhaowen Li , Chaoyang Zhao , Jinqiao Wang , Ming Tang

For a financial analyst, the question and answer (Q\&A) segment of the company financial report is a crucial piece of information for various analysis and investment decisions. However, extracting valuable insights from the Q\&A section has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Tianjie Zhu , Dhagash Mehta , Stefano Pasquali

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) tasks, but they suffer from hallucination, generating plausible yet factually incorrect content. This issue extends to Video-Language Models (VideoLLMs), where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ahmad Khalil , Mahmoud Khalil , Alioune Ngom

When asked to summarize articles or answer questions given a passage, large language models (LLMs) can hallucinate details and respond with unsubstantiated answers that are inaccurate with respect to the input context. This paper describes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yung-Sung Chuang , Linlu Qiu , Cheng-Yu Hsieh , Ranjay Krishna , Yoon Kim , James Glass

Large Language Models (LLMs) still face challenges when dealing with complex reasoning tasks, often resulting in hallucinations, which limit the practical application of LLMs. To alleviate this issue, this paper proposes a new method that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Large language models have proliferated across multiple domains in as short period of time. There is however hesitation in the medical and healthcare domain towards their adoption because of issues like factuality, coherence, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad , Ilker Yaramis , Taposh Dutta Roy

Large language models (LLMs) often generate fluent but factually incorrect outputs, known as hallucinations, which undermine their reliability in real-world applications. While uncertainty estimation has emerged as a promising strategy for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Pei-Fu Guo , Yun-Da Tsai , Shou-De Lin

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought a pressing challenge: how to reliably assess hallucinations to guarantee model trustworthiness. Although Automatic Hallucination Evaluation (AHE) has become an indispensable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siya Qi , Lin Gui , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan

This review examines the means with which faithfulness has been evaluated across open-ended summarization, question-answering and machine translation tasks. We find that the use of LLMs as a faithfulness evaluator is commonly the metric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Ben Malin , Tatiana Kalganova , Nikoloas Boulgouris