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The growing adoption of large language models in legal practice brings both significant promise and serious risk. Legal professionals stand to benefit from AI that can reason over contracts, draft documents, and analyze sources at scale,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Olivia Peiyu Wang , Leilani H. Gilpin

Traditional quality assurance (QA) methods face significant challenges in addressing the complexity, scale, and rapid iteration cycles of modern software systems and are strained by limited resources available, leading to substantial costs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Ihor Pysmennyi , Roman Kyslyi , Kyrylo Kleshch

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools for automating design artifact generation are increasingly used in Requirements Engineering (RE) to transform textual requirements into structured diagrams and models. While these AI tools, particularly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Syed Tauhid Ullah Shah , Mohammad Hussein , Ann Barcomb , Mohammad Moshirpour

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities, yet their stochastic next-token prediction creates logical inconsistencies and reward hacking that formal symbolic systems avoid. To bridge this gap, we introduce a formal logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Chuxue Cao , Jinluan Yang , Haoran Li , Kunhao Pan , Zijian Zhao , Zhengyu Chen , Yuchen Tian , Lijun Wu , Conghui He , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

In a traditional formal development process, e.g. using the B method, the informal user requirements are (manually) translated into a global abstract formal specification. This translation is especially difficult to achieve. The Event-B…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Thomas Fayolle , Marc Frappier , Régine Laleau , Frédéric Gervais

This paper explores how natural-language descriptions of formal languages can be compared to their formal representations and how semantic differences can be explained. This is motivated from educational scenarios where learners describe a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Tristan Kneisel , Marko Schmellenkamp , Fabian Vehlken , Thomas Zeume

One of the most challenging tasks in software specifications engineering for a multi-agent system is to ensure correctness. As these systems have high concurrency, often have dynamic environments, the formal specification and verification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-01-22 Nadeem Akhtar

Formal methods for software correctness are critical to the future of software engineering - and so must be an essential part of software engineering education. Unfortunately, formal methods are often resisted by students due to perceived…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-03 James Noble , David Streader , Isaac Oscar Gariano , Miniruwani Samarakoon

This paper investigates whether formal specifications using Java Modeling Language (JML) can enhance the quality of Large Language Model (LLM)-generated Javadocs. While LLMs excel at producing documentation from code alone, we hypothesize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Juan Carlos Recio Abad , Ruben Saborido , Francisco Chicano

Lean processes focus on doing only necessery things in an efficient way. Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning offer new opportunities to optimizing processes. The presented approach demonstrates an improvement of the test process by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Alexander Poth , Quirin Beck , Andreas Riel

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is witnessing a recent upsurge in research, tools development, and deployment of applications. Multiple software companies are shifting their focus to developing intelligent systems; and many others…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Feras A. Batarseh , Rasika Mohod , Abhinav Kumar , Justin Bui

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

One of the most challenging tasks in specification engineering for a multi-agent robotic system is to formally specify and architect the system, especially as a multi-agent robotic system is concurrent having concurrent processing, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-01-22 Nadeem Akhtar , Yann Le Guyadec , Flavio Oquendo

The formal specification and verification of machine learning programs saw remarkable progress in less than a decade, leading to a profusion of tools. However, diversity may lead to fragmentation, resulting in tools that are difficult to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Michele Alberti , François Bobot , Julien Girard-Satabin , Alban Grastien , Aymeric Varasse , Zakaria Chihani

We propose using natural language outlines as a novel modality and interaction surface for providing AI assistance to developers throughout the software development process. An NL outline for a code function comprises multiple statements…

The problem of writing a specification which accurately reflects the intent of the developer has long been recognized as fundamental. We propose a method and a supporting tool to write and check a specification and an implementation using a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-05-20 Paul C Attie , Fadi A Zaraket , Mohammad Fawaz , Mohammad Noureddine

The success of a number of projects has been shown to be significantly improved by the use of a formalism. However, there remains an open issue: to what extent can a development process based on a singular formal notation and method…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Rainer Gmehlich , Katrin Grau , Alexei Iliasov , Michael Jackson , Felix Loesch , Manuel Mazzara

Testing has become an indispensable activity of software development, yet writing good and relevant tests remains a quite challenging task. One well-known problem is that it often is impossible or unrealistic to test for every outcome, as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-08-18 Dimitri Racordon , Didier Buchs

This article examines the advantages and disadvantages of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in research and education and proposes the urgent need for an international statement to guide their responsible use.…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-13 Ahmed S. BaHammam , Khaled Trabelsi , Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal , Hiatham Jahrami

Although many attempts at automated aids for legal drafting have been made, they were based on the construction of a new tool, completely from scratch. This is at least curious, considering that a strong parallelism can be established…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2011-09-14 Daniel Gorín , Sergio Mera , Fernando Schapachnik