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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, yet recent findings reveal that their deeper layers often contribute minimally and can be pruned without affecting overall performance. While some view this as an opportunity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Pengxiang Li , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu

Recently, Transformer-based language models have demonstrated remarkable performance across many NLP domains. However, the unsupervised pre-training step of these models suffers from unbearable overall computational expenses. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Minjia Zhang , Yuxiong He

Continual pre-training has been urgent for adapting a pre-trained model to a multitude of domains and tasks in the fast-evolving world. In practice, a continually pre-trained model is expected to demonstrate not only greater capacity when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Gangwei Jiang , Caigao Jiang , Siqiao Xue , James Y. Zhang , Jun Zhou , Defu Lian , Ying Wei

Efficient deployment of large language models (LLMs) requires extreme quantization, forcing a critical trade-off between low-bit efficiency and performance. Residual binarization enables hardware-friendly, matmul-free inference by stacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Youngcheon You , Banseok Lee , Minseop Choi , Seonyoung Kim , Hyochan Chong , Changdong Kim , Youngmin Kim , Dongkyu Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks, with pre-training stage serving as the cornerstone of their capabilities. However, the conventional fixed-length data composition strategy for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Qing Yang , Qiyao Peng , Hongtao Liu , Kai Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) equips Large Language Models (LLMs) with strong reasoning capabilities, it requires models to verbalize every intermediate step in text tokens, constraining the model thoughts to the discrete vocabulary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Weihao Liu , Dehai Min , Lu Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, especially when guided by explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning that verbalizes intermediate steps. While CoT improves both interpretability and accuracy,…

While modern Transformer-based language models (LMs) have achieved major success in multi-task generalization, they often struggle to capture long-range dependencies within their context window. This work introduces a novel approach using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alok N. Shah , Khush Gupta , Keshav Ramji , Pratik Chaudhari

The advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have inspired the development of various interactive web services or applications, such as ChatGPT, which offer query inference services for users. Unlike traditional DNN model, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Peizhuang Cong , Qizhi Chen , Haochen Zhao , Tong Yang

Scaling large language models by increasing parameters and training data is increasingly constrained by limited high-quality corpora and rising communication costs. This work explores an alternative axis: increasing per-token computation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Boyi Zeng , Yiqin Hao , He Li , Shixiang Song , Feichen Song , Zitong Wang , Siyuan Huang , Yi Xu , ZiWei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides towards Artificial General Intelligence. However, training these models from scratch requires substantial computational resources and vast amounts of text data. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Wenzhen Zheng , Wenbo Pan , Xu Xu , Libo Qin , Li Yue , Ming Zhou

Bidirectional masked Transformers have become the core theme in the current NLP landscape. Despite their impressive benchmarks, a recurring theme in recent research has been to question such models' capacity for syntactic generalization. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Giorgos Tziafas , Konstantinos Kogkalidis , Gijs Wijnholds , Michael Moortgat

This study introduces a new normalization layer termed Batch Layer Normalization (BLN) to reduce the problem of internal covariate shift in deep neural network layers. As a combined version of batch and layer normalization, BLN adaptively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Amir Ziaee , Erion Çano

Modern deep learning methods are very sensitive to many hyperparameters, and, due to the long training times of state-of-the-art models, vanilla Bayesian hyperparameter optimization is typically computationally infeasible. On the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Stefan Falkner , Aaron Klein , Frank Hutter

To enhance reasoning capabilities, previous works have explored incorporating special-purpose tokens into the training process. These strategies strengthen the learning mechanism of transformer-based large language models (LLMs). Building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Eunki Kim , Sangryul Kim , James Thorne

Layer normalization (LN) is an essential component of modern neural networks. While many alternative techniques have been proposed, none of them have succeeded in replacing LN so far. The latest suggestion in this line of research is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Felix Stollenwerk

Recently, the prominent performance of large language models (LLMs) has been largely driven by multi-task instruct-tuning. Unfortunately, this training paradigm suffers from a key issue, named cross-task interference, due to conflicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Bing Wang , Ximing Li , Changchun Li , Jinjin Chi , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We propose a new class of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms that model latent representations in hyperbolic space. Sequential decision-making requires reasoning about the possible future consequences of current behavior.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Edoardo Cetin , Benjamin Chamberlain , Michael Bronstein , Jonathan J Hunt

Current language models (LMs) use a fixed, static subword tokenizer. This default choice typically results in degraded efficiency and language capabilities, especially in languages other than English. To address this issue, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Darius Feher , Ivan Vulić , Benjamin Minixhofer

The remarkable success of Chain-of-Thought (CoT), which enhances performance by scaling generation steps at test-time, inspires us to ask: can we leverage a similar scaling of computational steps during pretraining to improve the generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Boyi Zeng , He Li , Shixiang Song , Yixuan Wang , Zitong Wang , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin