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ICD coding is a process of assigning the International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes to clinical/medical notes documented by health professionals (e.g. clinicians). This process requires significant human resources, and thus is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Thanh Vu , Dat Quoc Nguyen , Anthony Nguyen

Medical coding is the task of assigning medical codes to clinical free-text documentation. Healthcare professionals manually assign such codes to track patient diagnoses and treatments. Automated medical coding can considerably alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Joakim Edin , Alexander Junge , Jakob D. Havtorn , Lasse Borgholt , Maria Maistro , Tuukka Ruotsalo , Lars Maaløe

Objective: Text mining of clinical notes embedded in electronic medical records is increasingly used to extract patient characteristics otherwise not or only partly available, to assess their association with relevant health outcomes. As…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Madhumita Sushil , Atul J. Butte , Ewoud Schuit , Maarten van Smeden , Artuur M. Leeuwenberg

A ubiquitous task in processing electronic medical data is the assignment of standardized codes representing diagnoses and/or procedures to free-text documents such as medical reports. This is a difficult natural language processing task…

In the United States, 25% or greater than 200 billion dollars of hospital spending accounts for administrative costs that involve services for medical coding and billing. With the increasing number of patient records, manual assignment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-18 A. K. Bhavani Singh , Mounika Guntu , Ananth Reddy Bhimireddy , Judy W. Gichoya , Saptarshi Purkayastha

The linking of clinical entities is a crucial part of extracting structured information from clinical texts. It is the process of assigning a code from a medical ontology or classification to a phrase in the text. The International…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sylvia Vassileva , Ivan Koychev , Svetla Boytcheva

This study presents a multimodal machine learning model to predict ICD-10 diagnostic codes. We developed separate machine learning models that can handle data from different modalities, including unstructured text, semi-structured text and…

ICD coding is the process of mapping unstructured text from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) to standardised codes defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system. In order to promote trust and transparency, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mingyang Li , Viktor Schlegel , Tingting Mu , Wuraola Oyewusi , Kai Kang , Goran Nenadic

Hospital readmissions have become one of the key measures of healthcare quality. Preventable readmissions have been identified as one of the primary targets for reducing costs and improving healthcare delivery. However, most data driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jialiang Jiang , Sharon Hewner , Varun Chandola

Extracting social determinants of health (SDoH) from unstructured medical notes depends heavily on labor-intensive annotations, which are typically task-specific, hampering reusability and limiting sharing. In this study we introduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Bernardo Consoli , Xizhi Wu , Song Wang , Xinyu Zhao , Yanshan Wang , Justin Rousseau , Tom Hartvigsen , Li Shen , Huanmei Wu , Yifan Peng , Qi Long , Tianlong Chen , Ying Ding

ICD(International Classification of Diseases) coding involves assigning ICD codes to patients visit based on their medical notes. Considering ICD coding as a multi-label text classification task, researchers have developed sophisticated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Bin Zhang , Junli Wang

Social determinants of health (SDoH) have a significant impact on health outcomes and well-being. Addressing SDoH is the key to reducing healthcare inequalities and transforming a "sick care" system into a "health promoting" system. To…

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a global medical classification system which provides unique codes for diagnoses and procedures appropriate to a patient's clinical record. However, manual coding by human coders is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Daeseong Kim , Haanju Yoo , Sewon Kim

This paper proposes a deep learning-based method to identify the segments of a clinical note corresponding to ICD-9 broad categories which are further color-coded with respect to 17 ICD-9 categories. The proposed Medical Segment Colorer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Maha Alkhairy

Growing evidence suggests that social determinants of health (SDoH), a set of nonmedical factors, affect individuals' risks of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. Nevertheless, the etiological mechanisms underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tianqi Shang , Shu Yang , Weiqing He , Tianhua Zhai , Dawei Li , Bojian Hou , Tianlong Chen , Jason H. Moore , Marylyn D. Ritchie , Li Shen

ICD-9 coding is a relevant clinical billing task, where unstructured texts with information about a patient's diagnosis and treatments are annotated with multiple ICD-9 codes. Automated ICD-9 coding is an active research field, where CNN-…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Malte Feucht , Zhiliang Wu , Sophia Althammer , Volker Tresp

Background: Medical coding structures healthcare data for research, quality monitoring, and policy. This study assesses the potential of large language models (LLMs) to assign ICPC-2 codes using the output of a domain-specific search…

Objective. The impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) on patients' healthcare quality and the disparity is well-known. Many SDoH items are not coded in structured forms in electronic health records. These items are often captured in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Xingmeng Zhao , Anthony Rios

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) are the de facto codes used globally for clinical coding. These codes enable healthcare providers to claim reimbursement and facilitate efficient storage and retrieval of diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Pavithra Rajendran , Alexandros Zenonos , Josh Spear , Rebecca Pope

Social determinants of health (SDOH) affect health outcomes, and knowledge of SDOH can inform clinical decision-making. Automatically extracting SDOH information from clinical text requires data-driven information extraction models trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Kevin Lybarger , Mari Ostendorf , Meliha Yetisgen