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We initiate a systematic study of quantum properties of finite graphs, namely, quantum asymmetry, quantum symmetry, and quantum isomorphism. We define the Schmidt alternative for a class of graphs, which reveals to be a useful tool for…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-05-09 Paul Meunier

Motivated by non-local games and quantum coloring problems, we introduce a graph homomorphism game between quantum graphs and classical graphs. This game is naturally cast as a "quantum-classical game"--that is, a non-local game of two…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Michael Brannan , Priyanga Ganesan , Samuel J. Harris

We show that quantum graph parameters for finite, simple, undirected graphs encode winning strategies for all possible synchronous non-local games. Given a synchronous game $\mathcal{G}=(I,O,\lambda)$ with $|I|=n$ and $|O|=k$, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Samuel J. Harris

We introduce a notion of quantum function, and develop a compositional framework for finite quantum set theory based on a 2-category of quantum sets and quantum functions. We use this framework to formulate a 2-categorical theory of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-07 Benjamin Musto , David Reutter , Dominic Verdon

The Hom complex $\mathrm{Hom}(G, H)$ of graphs is a simplicial complex associated to a pair of graphs $G$ and $H$, and its homotopy type is of interest in the graph coloring problem and the homomorphism reconfiguration problem. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Takahiro Matsushita

Associated to a finite graph $X$ is its quantum automorphism group $G$. The main problem is to compute the Poincar\'e series of $G$, meaning the series $f(z)=1+c_1z+c_2z^2+...$ whose coefficients are multiplicities of 1 into tensor powers…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Teodor Banica

A quantum graph $\mathcal{G}$ housed by a matrix algebra $M_n$ can be encoded as an operator system $\mathcal S=\mathcal{S}_{\mathcal{G}}\le M_n$. There are two sensible notions of quantum automorphism group for any such:…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Alexandru Chirvasitu , Piotr M. Sołtan , Mateusz Wasilewski

In 2019, Aterias et al. constructed pairs of quantum isomorphic, non-isomorphic graphs from linear constraint systems. This article deals with quantum automorphisms and quantum isomorphisms of colored versions of those graphs. We show that…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2022-10-03 David Roberson , Simon Schmidt

We formulate a notion of the quantum automorphism group of a $2$-graph. After some preliminary computations, we define quantum isomorphism between a pair of $2$-graphs. We produce a `non-trivial' example of a pair of $2$-graphs that are not…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-04-01 Soumalya Joardar , Atibur Rahaman , Jitender Sharma

We study the problem of counting the number of homomorphisms from an input graph $G$ to a fixed (quantum) graph $\bar{H}$ in any finite field of prime order $\mathbb{Z}_p$. The subproblem with graph $H$ was introduced by Faben and Jerrum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-19 J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski , Andreas Göbel , Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich

A finite graph $\G$ is said to be {\em $(G,3)$-$($connected$)$ homogeneous} if every isomorphism between any two isomorphic (connected) subgraphs of order at most $3$ extends to an automorphism $g\in G$ of the graph, where $G$ is a group of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Cai Heng Li , Jin-Xin Zhou

Using the simulation paradigm in information theory, we define notions of quantum hypergraph homomorphisms and quantum hypergraph isomorphisms, and show that they constitute partial orders and equivalence relations, respectively.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2022-11-10 Gage Hoefer , Ivan G. Todorov

We develop an algebraic and operational framework for quantum isomorphisms of hypergraphs, using tools from compact quantum group theory. We introduce a new synchronous version of the hypergraph isomorphism game whose game algebra uniformly…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Georgios Baziotis , Alexandros Chatzinikolaou , Gage Hoefer

In the $(G,H)$-isomorphism game, a verifier interacts with two non-communicating players (called provers) by privately sending each of them a random vertex from either $G$ or $H$, whose aim is to convince the verifier that two graphs $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Connectedness and bipartiteness are basic properties of classical graphs, and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the case of quantum graphs. We introduce the notion of connectedness and bipartiteness of quantum graphs in terms of…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Junichiro Matsuda

Recently, the work on quantum automorphism groups of graphs has seen renewed progress, which we expand in this paper. Quantum symmetry is a richer notion of symmetry than the classical symmetries of a graph. In general, it is non-trivial to…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Julien Schanz

In contrast to the usual quantum systems which have at most a finite number of open spectral gaps if they are periodic in more than one direction, periodic quantum graphs may have gaps arbitrarily high in the spectrum. This property of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-26 Pavel Exner , Ondřej Turek

Given a quantum graph $ \Gamma $, a finite symmetry group $ G $ acting on it and a representation $ R $ of $ G $, the quotient quantum graph $ \Gamma /R $ is described and constructed in the literature [1, 2, 18]. In particular, it was…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-04-10 Gökhan Mutlu

We give a general construction leading to different non-isomorphic families $\Gamma_{n,q}(\K)$ of connected $q$-regular semisymmetric graphs of order $2q^{n+1}$ embedded in $\PG(n+1,q)$, for a prime power $q=p^h$, using the linear…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-01-10 Philippe Cara , Sara Rottey , Geertrui Van de Voorde

The "noncommutative graphs" which arise in quantum error correction are a special case of the quantum relations introduced in [N. Weaver, Quantum relations, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 215 (2012), v-vi, 81-140]. We use this perspective to…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2017-06-30 Nik Weaver