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Chinese is a logographic writing system, and the shape of Chinese characters contain rich syntactic and semantic information. In this paper, we propose a model to learn Chinese word embeddings via three-level composition: (1) a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Chi Sun , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Pixel-based language models are gaining momentum as alternatives to traditional token-based approaches, promising to circumvent tokenization challenges. However, the inherent perceptual diversity across languages poses a significant hurdle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chen Hu , Yintao Tai , Antonio Vergari , Frank Keller , Alessandro Suglia

Diffusion-based text-to-image models have demonstrated impressive achievements in diversity and aesthetics but struggle to generate images with legible visual texts. Existing backbone models have limitations such as misspelling, failing to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Wenbo Li , Guohao Li , Zhibin Lan , Xue Xu , Wanru Zhuang , Jiachen Liu , Xinyan Xiao , Jinsong Su

Training large-scale image captioning (IC) models demands access to a rich and diverse set of training examples, gathered from the wild, often from noisy alt-text data. However, recent modeling approaches to IC often fall short in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Piyush Sharma , Soravit Changpinyo , Ashish Thapliyal , Radu Soricut

Scene text recognition (STR) on Latin datasets has been extensively studied in recent years, and state-of-the-art (SOTA) models often reach high accuracy. However, the performance on non-Latin transcripts, such as Chinese, is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Liu Yongbin , Liu Qingjie , Chen Jiaxin , Wang Yunhong

We present X-Decoder, a generalized decoding model that can predict pixel-level segmentation and language tokens seamlessly. X-Decodert takes as input two types of queries: (i) generic non-semantic queries and (ii) semantic queries induced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Xueyan Zou , Zi-Yi Dou , Jianwei Yang , Zhe Gan , Linjie Li , Chunyuan Li , Xiyang Dai , Harkirat Behl , Jianfeng Wang , Lu Yuan , Nanyun Peng , Lijuan Wang , Yong Jae Lee , Jianfeng Gao

The Backpack is a Transformer alternative shown to improve interpretability in English language modeling by decomposing predictions into a weighted sum of token sense components. However, Backpacks' reliance on token-defined meaning raises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Hao Sun , John Hewitt

Pre-trained representations are becoming crucial for many NLP and perception tasks. While representation learning in NLP has transitioned to training on raw text without human annotations, visual and vision-language representations still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Chao Jia , Yinfei Yang , Ye Xia , Yi-Ting Chen , Zarana Parekh , Hieu Pham , Quoc V. Le , Yunhsuan Sung , Zhen Li , Tom Duerig

In this paper, we present token labeling -- a new training objective for training high-performance vision transformers (ViTs). Different from the standard training objective of ViTs that computes the classification loss on an additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Zihang Jiang , Qibin Hou , Li Yuan , Daquan Zhou , Yujun Shi , Xiaojie Jin , Anran Wang , Jiashi Feng

This paper introduces an efficient and robust method for discovering interpretable circuits in large language models using discrete sparse autoencoders. Our approach addresses key limitations of existing techniques, namely computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Charles O'Neill , Thang Bui

With the introduction of transformer-based models for vision and language tasks, such as LLaVA and Chameleon, there has been renewed interest in the discrete tokenized representation of images. These models often treat image patches as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 David M. Chan , Rodolfo Corona , Joonyong Park , Cheol Jun Cho , Yutong Bai , Trevor Darrell

Random Indexing is a simple implementation of Random Projections with a wide range of applications. It can solve a variety of problems with good accuracy without introducing much complexity. Here we use it for identifying the language of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-03-02 Aditya Joshi , Johan Halseth , Pentti Kanerva

Image tokenization plays a critical role in reducing the computational demands of modeling high-resolution images, significantly improving the efficiency of image and multimodal understanding and generation. Recent advances in 1D latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ze Wang , Hao Chen , Benran Hu , Jiang Liu , Ximeng Sun , Jialian Wu , Yusheng Su , Xiaodong Yu , Emad Barsoum , Zicheng Liu

Offensive language detection is increasingly crucial for maintaining a civilized social media platform and deploying pre-trained language models. However, this task in Chinese is still under exploration due to the scarcity of reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jiawen Deng , Jingyan Zhou , Hao Sun , Chujie Zheng , Fei Mi , Helen Meng , Minlie Huang

We present a novel approach to feature labeling using gradient descent in token-space. While existing methods typically use language models to generate hypotheses about feature meanings, our method directly optimizes label representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Julian Schulz , Seamus Fallows

Image captioning is conventionally formulated as the task of generating captions for images that match the distribution of reference image-caption pairs. However, reference captions in standard captioning datasets are short and may not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Simon Kornblith , Lala Li , Zirui Wang , Thao Nguyen

Decoder-only large language models (LLMs) excel in high-resource languages across various tasks through few-shot or even zero-shot in-context learning (ICL). However, their performance often does not transfer well to low-resource languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Chunlan Ma , Yihong Liu , Haotian Ye , Hinrich Schütze

A claim has been circulating on social media and practitioner forums that Chinese prompts are more token-efficient than English for LLM coding tasks, potentially reducing costs by up to 40\%. This claim has influenced developers to consider…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Simiao Ren , Xingyu Shen , Yuchen Zhou , Dennis , Ng , Ankit Raj

How well do text-only large language models (LLMs) align with the visual world? We present a systematic evaluation of this question by incorporating frozen representations of various language models into a discriminative vision-language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jona Ruthardt , Gertjan J. Burghouts , Serge Belongie , Yuki M. Asano

Just like its great success in solving many computer vision problems, the convolutional neural networks (CNN) provided new end-to-end approach to handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR) with very promising results in recent years.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Zhuoyao Zhong , Lianwen Jin , Zecheng Xie