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Achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) demands simultaneous progress in physical qubit performance and quantum error correction (QEC). This work reviews and benchmarks experimental advancements towards FTQC across leading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 François-Marie Le Régent

Scaling quantum computers, i.e., quantum processing units (QPUs) to enable the execution of large quantum circuits is a major challenge, especially for applications that should provide a quantum advantage over classical algorithms. One…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Jonas Nüßlein , Tobias Rohe , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Executing large quantum circuits is not feasible using the currently available NISQ (noisy intermediate-scale quantum) devices. The high costs of using real quantum devices make it further challenging to research and develop quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Kartikey Sarode , Daniel E. Huang , E. Wes Bethel

It is desirable that a distributed quantum computer can operate despite the replacement or failure of its constituent components, allowing the reliability of the distributed system to exceed that of its subcomponents. We first show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Evan Sutcliffe , Coral M. Westoby

Quantum computing holds a great promise and this work proposes to use new quantum data networks (QDNs) to connect multiple small quantum computers to form a cluster. Such a QDN differs from existing QKD networks in that the former must…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Yangming Zhao , Chunming Qiao

Quantum computing (QC) is a new paradigm offering the potential of exponential speedups over classical computing for certain computational problems. Each additional qubit doubles the size of the computational state space available to a QC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-22 Wei Tang , Teague Tomesh , Martin Suchara , Jeffrey Larson , Margaret Martonosi

There is a growing consensus that large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) necessitates high-fidelity photonic interconnects to overcome the scaling limits of monolithic architectures. However, most current platforms were not…

With the advent of cloud-based quantum computing, it has become vital to provide strong guarantees that computations delegated by clients to quantum service providers have been executed faithfully. Secure - blind and verifiable - Delegated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi , Dominik Leichtle , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

We propose a simple interaction protocol to be implemented on a scalable quantum network, in which the quantum nodes consist of qubit systems confined in cavities. The nodes are deterministically coupled by transmission and reflection of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 I. Cohen , K. Mølmer

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a promising approach to extending the computational power of near-term quantum devices. However, the non-local quantum communication between quantum devices is much more expensive and error-prone than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Anbang Wu , Hezi Zhang , Gushu Li , Alireza Shabani , Yuan Xie , Yufei Ding

Distributing quantum workloads over many Quantum Processing Units (QPUs) is a crucial step in scaling up quantum computers toward practical quantum advantage due to the limitations in size of a single QPU. In the absence of high-fidelity…

Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) represents a powerful and flexible framework for quantum information processing, based on the notion of entangled quantum states as computational resources. The most prominent application is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-26 B. P. Lanyon , P. Jurcevic , M. Zwerger , C. Hempel , E. A. Martinez , W. Dür , H. J. Briegel , R. Blatt , C. F. Roos

The scalability of quantum computing is currently limited by physical, technological, and architectural constraints that hinder the integration of a large number of qubits within a single quantum processor. Distributed quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 F. Javier Cardama , Jorge Vázquez-Pérez , Tomás F. Pena , Andrés Gómez

In this paper we provide a basic introduction of the core ideas and theories surrounding fault-tolerant quantum computation. These concepts underly the theoretical framework of large-scale quantum computation and communications and are the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-18 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

We introduce fusion-based quantum computing (FBQC) - a model of universal quantum computation in which entangling measurements, called fusions, are performed on the qubits of small constant-sized entangled resource states. We introduce a…

Scaling the size of monolithic quantum computer systems is a difficult task. As the number of qubits within a device increases, a number of factors contribute to decreases in yield and performance. To meet this challenge, distributed…

In the distributed quantum computing paradigm, well-controlled few-qubit `nodes' are networked together by connections which are relatively noisy and failure prone. A practical scheme must offer high tolerance to errors while requiring only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Ying Li , Simon C Benjamin

Progress in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) has driven the pursuit of practical applications with early fault-tolerant quantum computers (EFTQC). These devices, limited in their qubit counts and fault-tolerance capabilities,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Qiyao Liang , Yiqing Zhou , Archismita Dalal , Peter D. Johnson

Interconnecting small quantum computers will be essential in the future for creating large scale, robust quantum computers. Methods for distributing monolithic quantum algorithms efficiently are thus needed. In this work we consider an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 Stephen DiAdamo , Marco Ghibaudi , James Cruise

Near-term large quantum computers are not able to operate as a single processing unit. It is therefore required to partition a quantum circuit into smaller parts, and then each part is executed on a small unit. This approach is known as…