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In recent research, contrastive learning has proven to be a highly effective method for representation learning and is widely used for dense retrieval. However, we identify that relying solely on contrastive learning can lead to suboptimal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yang Bai , Anthony Colas , Christan Grant , Daisy Zhe Wang

Despite their remarkable natural language understanding capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been underutilized for retrieval tasks. We present Search-R3, a novel framework that addresses this limitation by adapting LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuntao Gui , James Cheng

Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation (mRAG) plays an important role in mitigating the "hallucination" issue inherent in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Although promising, existing heuristic mRAGs typically predefined fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yangning Li , Yinghui Li , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Xinran Zheng , Hui Wang , Hai-Tao Zheng , Philip S. Yu , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

With the rapid progress of artificial intelligence (AI) in multi-modal understanding, there is increasing potential for video comprehension technologies to support professional domains such as medical education. However, existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shenxi Liu , Kan Li , Mingyang Zhao , Yuhang Tian , Bin Li , Shoujun Zhou , Hongliang Li , Fuxia Yang

Recent advances in multimodal question answering have primarily focused on combining heterogeneous modalities or fine-tuning multimodal large language models. While these approaches have shown strong performance, they often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Krishna Singh Rajput , Tejas Anvekar , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

Recommendation systems have been essential for both user experience and platform efficiency by alleviating information overload and supporting decision-making. Traditional methods, i.e., content-based filtering, collaborative filtering, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Lining Chen , Qingwen Zeng , Huaming Chen

Multi-step agentic retrieval systems based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex information search tasks. However, these systems still face significant challenges in practical applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chuzhan Hao , Wenfeng Feng , Yuewei Zhang , Hao Wang

Multimodal large language models have recently shown promising progress in visual mathematical reasoning. However, their performance is often limited by a critical yet underexplored bottleneck: inaccurate visual perception. Through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Peijin Xie , Zhen Xu , Bingquan Liu , Baoxun Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently been applied to universal multimodal retrieval, where Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves candidate reranking. However, existing approaches remain largely language-driven, relying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Dongyang Chen , Chaoyang Wang , Dezhao Su , Xi Xiao , Zeyu Zhang , Jing Xiong , Qing Li , Yuzhang Shang , Shichao Kan

Generative models have achieved impressive fidelity in text-to-image synthesis, yet struggle with complex compositional prompts involving multiple constraints. We introduce \textbf{M3 (Multi-Modal, Multi-Agent, Multi-Round)}, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Bangji Yang , Ruihan Guo , Jiajun Fan , Chaoran Cheng , Ge Liu

Deep search has become a crucial capability for frontier multimodal agents, enabling models to solve complex questions through active search, evidence verification, and multi-step reasoning. Despite rapid progress, top-tier multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuang Chen , Kaituo Feng , Hangting Chen , Wenxuan Huang , Dasen Dai , Quanxin Shou , Yunlong Lin , Xiangyu Yue , Shenghua Gao , Tianyu Pang

International enterprises, organizations, and hospitals collect large amounts of multi-modal data stored in databases, text documents, images, and videos. While there has been recent progress in the separate fields of multi-modal data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Farhad Nooralahzadeh , Yi Zhang , Jonathan Furst , Kurt Stockinger

Deep search agents have proven effective in enhancing LLMs by retrieving external knowledge during multi-step reasoning. However, existing methods often generate a single query for retrieval at each reasoning step, limiting information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiabei Liu , Wenyu Mao , Junfei Tan , Chunxu Shen , Lingling Yi , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang

The rise of short-form video platforms and the emergence of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have amplified the need for scalable, effective, zero-shot text-to-video retrieval systems. While recent advances in large-scale…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jiaxin Wu , Xiao-Yong Wei , Qing Li

In recent years, multimodal learning has become essential in robotic vision and information fusion, especially for understanding human behavior in complex environments. However, current methods struggle to fully leverage the textual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yanxin Zhang , Liang He , Zeyi Kang , Zuheng Ming , Kaixing Zhao

Search-augmented reasoning agents interleave multi-step reasoning with external information retrieval, but uncontrolled retrieval often leads to redundant evidence, context saturation, and unstable learning. Existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Siheng Xiong , Oguzhan Gungordu , Blair Johnson , James C. Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Large language models are transitioning from generalpurpose knowledge engines to realworld problem solvers, yet optimizing them for deep search tasks remains challenging. The central bottleneck lies in the extreme sparsity of highquality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zheng Chu , Xiao Wang , Jack Hong , Huiming Fan , Yuqi Huang , Yue Yang , Guohai Xu , Chenxiao Zhao , Cheng Xiang , Shengchao Hu , Dongdong Kuang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin , Xing Yu

Document visual question answering (DocVQA) pipelines that answer questions from documents have broad applications. Existing methods focus on handling single-page documents with multi-modal language models (MLMs), or rely on text-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jaemin Cho , Debanjan Mahata , Ozan Irsoy , Yujie He , Mohit Bansal

We develop a reinforcement learning based search assistant which can assist users through a set of actions and sequence of interactions to enable them realize their intent. Our approach caters to subjective search where the user is seeking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Milan Aggarwal , Aarushi Arora , Shagun Sodhani , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Reasoning-augmented search agents, such as Search-R1, are trained to reason, search, and generate the final answer iteratively. Nevertheless, due to their limited capabilities in reasoning and search, their performance on multi-hop QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shu Zhao , Tan Yu , Anbang Xu