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We present the explicit expressions for the matrix product operator (MPO) representation for the local conserved quantities of the Heisenberg chain. The bond dimension of the MPO grows linearly with the locality of the charges. The MPO has…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-03 Kyoichi Yamada , Kohei Fukai

We present a rigorous explicit expression for an extensive number of local conserved quantities in the XYZ spin-1/2 chain with general coupling constants. All the coefficients of operators in each local conserved quantity are calculated. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-02 Yuji Nozawa , Kouhei Fukai

We present a new method for compressing matrix product operators (MPOs) which represent sums of local terms, such as Hamiltonians. Just as with area law states, such local operators may be fully specified with a small amount of information…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-09-22 Daniel E. Parker , Xiangyu Cao , Michael P. Zaletel

We provide an exact construction of interaction Hamiltonians on a one-dimensional lattice which grow as a polynomial multiplied by an exponential with the lattice site separation as a matrix product operator (MPO), a type of one-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Michael L. Wall

Matrix-product operators (MPOs) appear throughout the study of integrable lattice models, notably as the transfer matrices. They can also be used as transformations to construct dualities between such models, both invertible (including…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-20 Yuan Miao , Andras Molnar , Nick G. Jones

We introduce a matrix product operator (MPO) encoding of the Magnus expansion and the Dyson series for one-dimensional quantum lattice models with time-dependent Hamiltonians. The MPO construction can be made accurate up to arbitrary order…

The matrix product representation provides a useful formalism to study not only entangled states, but also entangled operators in one dimension. In this paper, we focus on unitary transformations and show that matrix product operators that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 M. Burak Şahinoğlu , Sujeet K. Shukla , Feng Bi , Xie Chen

We present an algorithmic construction scheme for matrix-product-operator (MPO) representations of arbitrary $U(1)$-invariant operators whenever there is an expression of the local structure in terms of a finite-states machine (FSM). Given…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-11-21 Sebastian Paeckel , Thomas Köhler , Salvatore R. Manmana

We introduce a systematic construction of higher-order matrix product operator (MPO) approximations of the time evolution operator for generic (short and long range) one-dimensional Hamiltonians. We demonstrate the utility of our…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-03-01 Maarten Van Damme , Jutho Haegeman , Ian McCulloch , Laurens Vanderstraeten

Despite recent advances in the lattice representation theory of (generalized) symmetries, many simple quantum spin chains of physical interest are not included in the rigid framework of fusion categories and weak Hopf algebras. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Yuhan Liu , Andras Molnar , Xiao-Qi Sun , Frank Verstraete , Kohtaro Kato , Laurens Lootens

Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are tensor networks representing operators acting on 1D systems. They model a wide variety of situations, including communication channels with memory effects, quantum cellular automata, mixed states in 1D…

We investigate operator delocalization in disordered one-dimensional spin chains by introducing -- besides the already known operator mass -- a complementary measure of operator complexity: the operator length. Like the operator…

We extend T. Prosen's construction of quasilocal conserved quantities for the XXZ model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 217206 (2011)] to the case of periodic boundary conditions. These quasilocal operators stem from a two-parameter transfer matrix…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-10-01 R. G. Pereira , V. Pasquier , J. Sirker , I. Affleck

We present a new variational method, based on the matrix product operator (MPO) ansatz, for finding the steady state of dissipative quantum chains governed by master equations of the Lindblad form. Instead of requiring an accurate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-10 Jian Cui , J. Ignacio Cirac , Mari Carmen Bañuls

We classify the different ways in which matrix product states (MPSs) can stay invariant under the action of matrix product operator (MPO) symmetries. This is achieved through a local characterization of how the MPSs, that generate a ground…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-02-22 José Garre-Rubio , Laurens Lootens , András Molnár

We present an alternative to the conventional matrix product state representation, which allows us to avoid the explicit local Hilbert space truncation many numerical methods employ. Utilising chain mappings corresponding to linear and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-29 Max F. Frenzel , Martin B. Plenio

We present a general method for simulating lattice gauge theories in low dimensions using infinite matrix product states (iMPS). A central challenge in Hamiltonian formulations of gauge theories is the unbounded local Hilbert space…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-21 Nicholas Godfrey , Ian P. McCulloch

We rigorously prove that the spin-1/2 XYZ chain with a magnetic field has no local conserved quantity. Any nontrivial conserved quantity of this model is shown to be a sum of operators supported by contiguous sites with at least half of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-12 Naoto Shiraishi

We show how to construct relevant families of matrix product operators in one and higher dimensions. Those form the building blocks for the numerical simulation methods based on matrix product states and projected entangled pair states. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-04 V. Murg , J. I. Cirac , B. Pirvu , F. Verstraete

Recently, Fendley et al. (2025) [arXiv:2511.04674] revealed a new simple way to demonstrate the integrability of XYZ Heisenberg model by constructing a one-parameter family of integrals of motion in the matrix product operator (MPO) form…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-26 Vsevolod I. Yashin
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