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Discrete audio representation, aka audio tokenization, has seen renewed interest driven by its potential to facilitate the application of text language modeling approaches in audio domain. To this end, various compression and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Krishna C. Puvvada , Nithin Rao Koluguri , Kunal Dhawan , Jagadeesh Balam , Boris Ginsburg

Fast and accurate spoken content retrieval is vital for applications such as voice search. Query-by-Example Spoken Term Detection (STD) involves retrieving matching segments from an audio database given a spoken query. Token-based STD…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-19 Anup Singh , Vipul Arora , Kris Demuynck

Spoken term detection (STD) is often hindered by reliance on frame-level features and the computationally intensive DTW-based template matching, limiting its practicality. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-24 Anup Singh , Kris Demuynck , Vipul Arora

Syllables are compositional units of spoken language that efficiently structure human speech perception and production. However, current neural speech representations lack such structure, resulting in dense token sequences that are costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Cheol Jun Cho , Nicholas Lee , Akshat Gupta , Dhruv Agarwal , Ethan Chen , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli

Reasoning about spatial audio with large language models requires a spatial audio encoder as an acoustic front-end to obtain audio embeddings for further processing. Such an encoder needs to capture all information required to detect the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Kevin Wilkinghoff , Zheng-Hua Tan

While language models (LMs) paired with residual vector quantization (RVQ) tokenizers have shown promise in text-to-audio (T2A) generation, they still lag behind diffusion-based models by a non-trivial margin. We identify a critical dilemma…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Juncheng Wang , Chao Xu , Cheng Yu , Zhe Hu , Haoyu Xie , Guoqi Yu , Lei Shang , Shujun Wang

Emotion plays a significant role in speech interaction, conveyed through tone, pitch, and rhythm, enabling the expression of feelings and intentions beyond words to create a more personalized experience. However, most existing speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Jixun Yao , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng , Lei Xie

This paper tackles the scarcity of benchmarking data in disentangled auditory representation learning. We introduce SynTone, a synthetic dataset with explicit ground truth explanatory factors for evaluating disentanglement techniques.…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yusuf Brima , Ulf Krumnack , Simone Pika , Gunther Heidemann

As a popular multilingual and multitask pre-trained speech model, Whisper has the problem of curse of multilinguality. To enhance multilingual capabilities in small Whisper models, we propose DQ-Whisper, a novel joint distillation and…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hang Shao , Bei Liu , Wei Wang , Xun Gong , Yanmin Qian

Speaker-attributed automatic speech recognition (ASR) in multi-speaker environments remains a significant challenge, particularly when systems conditioned on speaker embeddings fail to generalize to unseen speakers. In this work, we propose…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Alexander Polok , Dominik Klement , Martin Kocour , Jiangyu Han , Federico Landini , Bolaji Yusuf , Matthew Wiesner , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Jan Černocký , Lukáš Burget

Domain adaptation is an important but challenging task. Most of the existing domain adaptation methods struggle to extract the domain-invariant representation on the feature space with entangling domain information and semantic information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Ruichu Cai , Zijian Li , Pengfei Wei , Jie Qiao , Kun Zhang , Zhifeng Hao

With the rapid advancement of speech generative models, unauthorized voice cloning poses significant privacy and security risks. Speech watermarking offers a viable solution for tracing sources and preventing misuse. Current watermarking…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yang Cui , Peter Pan , Lei He , Sheng Zhao

Recent advancements in Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems have enabled the generation of natural and expressive speech from textual input. Accented TTS aims to enhance user experience by making the synthesized speech more relatable to minority…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-18 Jan Melechovsky , Ambuj Mehrish , Berrak Sisman , Dorien Herremans

Large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across language tasks, but are costly to deploy due to their size and resource demands. Knowledge Distillation (KD) addresses this by training smaller Student models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Stella Eva Tsiapali , Cong-Thanh Do , Kate Knill

Self-supervised learning (SSL) proficiency in speech-related tasks has driven research into utilizing discrete tokens for speech tasks like recognition and translation, which offer lower storage requirements and great potential to employ…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-15 Yifan Yang , Feiyu Shen , Chenpeng Du , Ziyang Ma , Kai Yu , Daniel Povey , Xie Chen

Transformers have been the dominant architecture for Speech Translation in recent years, achieving significant improvements in translation quality. Since speech signals are longer than their textual counterparts, and due to the quadratic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Ioannis Tsiamas , Gerard I. Gállego , José A. R. Fonollosa , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Cross-Tokenizer Knowledge Distillation (CTKD) enables knowledge transfer between a large language model and a smaller student, even when they employ different tokenizers. While existing approaches mainly focus on token-level alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Quoc Phong Dao , Hoang Son Nguyen , Pham Khanh Chi , Tung Nguyen , Linh Ngo Van , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep , Trung Le

Continuous speech can be converted into a discrete sequence by deriving discrete units from the hidden features of self-supervised learned (SSL) speech models. Although SSL models are becoming larger and trained on more data, they are often…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-06 Jakob Poncelet , Yujun Wang , Hugo Van hamme

Self-supervised automatic speech recognition (SSL-ASR) is an ASR approach that uses speech encoders pretrained on large amounts of unlabeled audio (e.g., wav2vec2.0 or HuBERT) and then fine-tunes them with limited labeled data to perform…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-07 Eyal Cohen , Bhiksha Raj , Joseph Keshet

Existing video segmenter and grounder approaches, exemplified by Sa2VA, directly fuse features within segmentation models. This often results in an undesirable entanglement of dynamic visual information and static semantics, thereby…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Dang Jisheng , Wu Xudong , Wang Bimei , Lv Ning , Chen Jiayu , Jingwen Zhao , Yichu liu , Jizhao Liu , Juncheng Li , Teng Wang