English
Related papers

Related papers: A.X K1 Technical Report

200 papers

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models based on Transformer architecture are pushing the boundaries of language and vision tasks. The allure of these models lies in their ability to substantially increase the parameter count without a…

Language models generate responses by producing a series of tokens in immediate succession: the $(K+1)^{th}$ token is an outcome of manipulating $K$ hidden vectors per layer, one vector per preceding token. What if instead we were to let…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sachin Goyal , Ziwei Ji , Ankit Singh Rawat , Aditya Krishna Menon , Sanjiv Kumar , Vaishnavh Nagarajan

Deep learning for time series forecasting has seen significant advancements over the past decades. However, despite the success of large-scale pre-training in language and vision domains, pre-trained time series models remain limited in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Xiaoming Shi , Shiyu Wang , Yuqi Nie , Dianqi Li , Zhou Ye , Qingsong Wen , Ming Jin

We present ZAYA1-8B, a reasoning-focused mixture-of-experts (MoE) model with 700M active and 8B total parameters, built on Zyphra's MoE++ architecture. ZAYA1-8B's core pretraining, midtraining, and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) were…

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) presents a strong potential in enlarging the size of language model to trillions of parameters. However, training trillion-scale MoE requires algorithm and system co-design for a well-tuned high performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Jiaao He , Jiezhong Qiu , Aohan Zeng , Zhilin Yang , Jidong Zhai , Jie Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in multilingual machine translation (MT), even with limited bilingual supervision. However, fine-tuning LLMs with parallel corpora presents major challenges, namely parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Li , Tianyu Dong , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 5 Team , Aohan Zeng , Xin Lv , Qinkai Zheng , Zhenyu Hou , Bin Chen , Chengxing Xie , Cunxiang Wang , Da Yin , Hao Zeng , Jiajie Zhang , Kedong Wang , Lucen Zhong , Mingdao Liu , Rui Lu , Shulin Cao , Xiaohan Zhang , Xuancheng Huang , Yao Wei , Yean Cheng , Yifan An , Yilin Niu , Yuanhao Wen , Yushi Bai , Zhengxiao Du , Zihan Wang , Zilin Zhu , Bohan Zhang , Bosi Wen , Bowen Wu , Bowen Xu , Can Huang , Casey Zhao , Changpeng Cai , Chao Yu , Chen Li , Chendi Ge , Chenghua Huang , Chenhui Zhang , Chenxi Xu , Chenzheng Zhu , Chuang Li , Congfeng Yin , Daoyan Lin , Dayong Yang , Dazhi Jiang , Ding Ai , Erle Zhu , Fei Wang , Gengzheng Pan , Guo Wang , Hailong Sun , Haitao Li , Haiyang Li , Haiyi Hu , Hanyu Zhang , Hao Peng , Hao Tai , Haoke Zhang , Haoran Wang , Haoyu Yang , He Liu , He Zhao , Hongwei Liu , Hongxi Yan , Huan Liu , Huilong Chen , Ji Li , Jiajing Zhao , Jiamin Ren , Jian Jiao , Jiani Zhao , Jianyang Yan , Jiaqi Wang , Jiayi Gui , Jiayue Zhao , Jie Liu , Jijie Li , Jing Li , Jing Lu , Jingsen Wang , Jingwei Yuan , Jingxuan Li , Jingzhao Du , Jinhua Du , Jinxin Liu , Junkai Zhi , Junli Gao , Ke Wang , Lekang Yang , Liang Xu , Lin Fan , Lindong Wu , Lintao Ding , Lu Wang , Man Zhang , Minghao Li , Minghuan Xu , Mingming Zhao , Mingshu Zhai , Pengfan Du , Qian Dong , Shangde Lei , Shangqing Tu , Shangtong Yang , Shaoyou Lu , Shijie Li , Shuang Li , Shuang-Li , Shuxun Yang , Sibo Yi , Tianshu Yu , Wei Tian , Weihan Wang , Wenbo Yu , Weng Lam Tam , Wenjie Liang , Wentao Liu , Xiao Wang , Xiaohan Jia , Xiaotao Gu , Xiaoying Ling , Xin Wang , Xing Fan , Xingru Pan , Xinyuan Zhang , Xinze Zhang , Xiuqing Fu , Xunkai Zhang , Yabo Xu , Yandong Wu , Yida Lu , Yidong Wang , Yilin Zhou , Yiming Pan , Ying Zhang , Yingli Wang , Yingru Li , Yinpei Su , Yipeng Geng , Yitong Zhu , Yongkun Yang , Yuhang Li , Yuhao Wu , Yujiang Li , Yunan Liu , Yunqing Wang , Yuntao Li , Yuxuan Zhang , Zezhen Liu , Zhen Yang , Zhengda Zhou , Zhongpei Qiao , Zhuoer Feng , Zhuorui Liu , Zichen Zhang , Zihan Wang , Zijun Yao , Zikang Wang , Ziqiang Liu , Ziwei Chai , Zixuan Li , Zuodong Zhao , Wenguang Chen , Jidong Zhai , Bin Xu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Hard-parameter sharing is a common strategy to train a single model jointly across diverse tasks. However, this often leads to task interference, impeding overall model performance. To address the issue, we propose a simple yet effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hojun Jin , Eunsoo Hong , Ziwon Hyung , Sungjun Lim , Seungjin Lee , Keunseok Cho

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, training MoE from scratch in a large-scale setting still suffers from data-hungry and instability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Tong Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Daize Dong , Jiacheng Ruan , Jingqi Tong , Conghui He , Yu Cheng

We present MegaScale-MoE, a production system tailored for the efficient training of large-scale mixture-of-experts (MoE) models. MoE emerges as a promising architecture to scale large language models (LLMs) to unprecedented sizes, thereby…

In this paper, we aim to build a robust question answering system that can adapt to out-of-domain datasets. A single network may overfit to the superficial correlation in the training distribution, but with a meaningful number of expert…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Yu Qing Zhou , Xixuan Julie Liu , Yuanzhe Dong

The scaling of large language models has greatly improved natural language understanding, generation, and reasoning. In this work, we develop a system that trained a trillion-parameter language model on a cluster of Ascend 910 AI processors…

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities on static images, they often fall short in comprehending dynamic, information-dense short-form videos, a dominant medium in today's digital landscape. To…

Upcycling pre-trained dense language models into sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) models is an efficient approach to increase the model capacity of already trained models. However, optimal techniques for upcycling at scale remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ethan He , Abhinav Khattar , Ryan Prenger , Vijay Korthikanti , Zijie Yan , Tong Liu , Shiqing Fan , Ashwath Aithal , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Multi-Head Mixture-of-Experts (MH-MoE) demonstrates superior performance by using the multi-head mechanism to collectively attend to information from various representation spaces within different experts. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shaohan Huang , Xun Wu , Shuming Ma , Furu Wei

Unlike traditional cascaded pipelines, end-to-end (E2E) spoken dialogue systems preserve full differentiability and capture non-phonemic information, making them well-suited for modeling spoken interactions. However, existing E2E approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siddhant Arora , Jinchuan Tian , Hayato Futami , Jee-weon Jung , Jiatong Shi , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Shinji Watanabe

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) networks have been proposed as an efficient way to scale up model capacity and implement conditional computing. However, the study of MoE components mostly focused on the feedforward layer in Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Xiaofeng Zhang , Yikang Shen , Zeyu Huang , Jie Zhou , Wenge Rong , Zhang Xiong

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model is powerful for large-scale pre-training and has achieved promising results due to its model capacity. However, with trillions of parameters, MoE is hard to be deployed on cloud or mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Tianyu Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yuan Xie , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Haoyi Zhou , Jianxin Li , Furu Wei

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, the reliability assessment of MoE lags behind its surging applications. Moreover, when transferred to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Guanjie Chen , Xinyu Zhao , Tianlong Chen , Yu Cheng

In recent years, a plethora of open-source foundation models have emerged, achieving remarkable progress in some widely attended fields, with performance being quite close to that of closed-source models. However, in high-value but more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Lei Bai , Zhongrui Cai , Yuhang Cao , Maosong Cao , Weihan Cao , Chiyu Chen , Haojiong Chen , Kai Chen , Pengcheng Chen , Ying Chen , Yongkang Chen , Yu Cheng , Pei Chu , Tao Chu , Erfei Cui , Ganqu Cui , Long Cui , Ziyun Cui , Nianchen Deng , Ning Ding , Nanqing Dong , Peijie Dong , Shihan Dou , Sinan Du , Haodong Duan , Caihua Fan , Ben Gao , Changjiang Gao , Jianfei Gao , Songyang Gao , Yang Gao , Zhangwei Gao , Jiaye Ge , Qiming Ge , Lixin Gu , Yuzhe Gu , Aijia Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xu Guo , Conghui He , Junjun He , Yili Hong , Siyuan Hou , Caiyu Hu , Hanglei Hu , Jucheng Hu , Ming Hu , Zhouqi Hua , Haian Huang , Junhao Huang , Xu Huang , Zixian Huang , Zhe Jiang , Lingkai Kong , Linyang Li , Peiji Li , Pengze Li , Shuaibin Li , Tianbin Li , Wei Li , Yuqiang Li , Dahua Lin , Junyao Lin , Tianyi Lin , Zhishan Lin , Hongwei Liu , Jiangning Liu , Jiyao Liu , Junnan Liu , Kai Liu , Kaiwen Liu , Kuikun Liu , Shichun Liu , Shudong Liu , Wei Liu , Xinyao Liu , Yuhong Liu , Zhan Liu , Yinquan Lu , Haijun Lv , Hongxia Lv , Huijie Lv , Qitan Lv , Ying Lv , Chengqi Lyu , Chenglong Ma , Jianpeng Ma , Ren Ma , Runmin Ma , Runyuan Ma , Xinzhu Ma , Yichuan Ma , Zihan Ma , Sixuan Mi , Junzhi Ning , Wenchang Ning , Xinle Pang , Jiahui Peng , Runyu Peng , Yu Qiao , Jiantao Qiu , Xiaoye Qu , Yuan Qu , Yuchen Ren , Fukai Shang , Wenqi Shao , Junhao Shen , Shuaike Shen , Chunfeng Song , Demin Song , Diping Song , Chenlin Su , Weijie Su , Weigao Sun , Yu Sun , Qian Tan , Cheng Tang , Huanze Tang , Kexian Tang , Shixiang Tang , Jian Tong , Aoran Wang , Bin Wang , Dong Wang , Lintao Wang , Rui Wang , Weiyun Wang , Wenhai Wang , Jiaqi Wang , Yi Wang , Ziyi Wang , Ling-I Wu , Wen Wu , Yue Wu , Zijian Wu , Linchen Xiao , Shuhao Xing , Chao Xu , Huihui Xu , Jun Xu , Ruiliang Xu , Wanghan Xu , GanLin Yang , Yuming Yang , Haochen Ye , Jin Ye , Shenglong Ye , Jia Yu , Jiashuo Yu , Jing Yu , Fei Yuan , Yuhang Zang , Bo Zhang , Chao Zhang , Chen Zhang , Hongjie Zhang , Jin Zhang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Qiuyinzhe Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Taolin Zhang , Wenlong Zhang , Wenwei Zhang , Yechen Zhang , Ziyang Zhang , Haiteng Zhao , Qian Zhao , Xiangyu Zhao , Xiangyu Zhao , Bowen Zhou , Dongzhan Zhou , Peiheng Zhou , Yuhao Zhou , Yunhua Zhou , Dongsheng Zhu , Lin Zhu , Yicheng Zou