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The prediction has served as a crucial scientific method in modern social studies. With the recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), efforts have been made to leverage LLMs to predict the human features in social life, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Kaiqi Yang , Hang Li , Hongzhi Wen , Tai-Quan Peng , Jiliang Tang , Hui Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential across numerous applications and have shown an emergent ability to tackle complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical computations. However, even for the simplest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wei Zhang , Chaoqun Wan , Yonggang Zhang , Yiu-ming Cheung , Xinmei Tian , Xu Shen , Jieping Ye

Modern astrophysical studies rely heavily on complex data analysis pipelines; however, published descriptions often lack the detail required for computational reproducibility. In this work, we present an information-theoretic framework to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-28 Hsing Wen Lin , Zong-Fu Sie

Despite demonstrating impressive capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still often struggle to accurately express the factual knowledge they possess, especially in cases where the LLMs' knowledge boundaries are ambiguous. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Boyang Xue , Fei Mi , Qi Zhu , Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Erxin Yu , Xuming Hu , Kam-Fai Wong

Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP), exemplified by Sato and Kameya's PRISM, Poole's ICL, Raedt et al's ProbLog and Vennekens et al's LPAD, is aimed at combining statistical and logical knowledge representation and inference. A key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-10-09 Muhammad Asiful Islam , C. R. Ramakrishnan , I. V. Ramakrishnan

Large language models(LLMs) containing tens of billions of parameters (or even more) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, substantial model size poses challenges to training, inference, and deployment so…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yupeng Ji , Yibo Cao , Jiucai Liu

Current techniques for post-training Large Language Models (LLMs) rely either on costly human supervision or on external verifiers to boost performance on tasks such as mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, as LLMs improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mukesh Ghimire , Aosong Feng , Liwen You , Youzhi Luo , Fang Liu , Xuan Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize automated traceability by overcoming the challenges faced by previous methods and introducing new possibilities. However, the optimal utilization of LLMs for automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Alberto D. Rodriguez , Katherine R. Dearstyne , Jane Cleland-Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly become an invaluable assistant for a variety of tasks. However, their effectiveness is constrained by their ability to tailor responses to human preferences and behaviors via personalization. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Katherine Metcalf , Yizhe Zhang , Maartje ter Hoeve

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for automated evaluations and explaining them. However, concerns about explanation quality, consistency, and hallucinations remain open research challenges, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

Large language models (LLMs) are a promising venue for natural language understanding and generation tasks. However, current LLMs are far from reliable: they are prone to generate non-factual information and, more crucially, to contradict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Diego Calanzone , Stefano Teso , Antonio Vergari

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in text classification, but their complexity hinders interpretability, making it difficult to understand the reasoning behind their predictions. Explainable AI (XAI) methods like LIME and SHAP offer local…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Yogachandran Rahulamathavan , Misbah Farooq , Varuna De Silva

Predicting future events is an important activity with applications across multiple fields and domains. For example, the capacity to foresee stock market trends, natural disasters, business developments, or political events can facilitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Petraq Nako , Adam Jatowt

Large Language Models (LLMs) can propose rules in natural language, sidestepping the need for a predefined predicate space in traditional rule learning. Yet many LLM-based approaches ignore interactions among rules, and the opportunity to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Yang Yang , Hua XU , Zhangyi Hu , Yutao Yue

Language models (LM) are capable of remarkably complex linguistic tasks; however, numerical reasoning is an area in which they frequently struggle. An important but rarely evaluated form of reasoning is understanding probability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Akshay Paruchuri , Jake Garrison , Shun Liao , John Hernandez , Jacob Sunshine , Tim Althoff , Xin Liu , Daniel McDuff

Accurately quantifying uncertainty in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for their reliable deployment, especially in high-stakes applications. Current state-of-the-art methods for measuring semantic uncertainty in LLMs rely on strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yashvir S. Grewal , Edwin V. Bonilla , Thang D. Bui

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks; however, their effectiveness is highly dependent on prompt design, structure, and embedded reasoning signals. Conventional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Shiek Ruksana , Sailesh Kiran Kurra , Thipparthi Sanjay Baradwaj

The trade-off between expressiveness and interpretability remains a core challenge when building human-centric predictive models for classification and decision-making. While symbolic rules offer interpretability, they often lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Ruochen Wang , Si Si , Felix Yu , Dorothea Wiesmann , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Inderjit Dhillon

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated rapid progress across a wide array of domains. Owing to the very large number of parameters and training data in LLMs, these models inherently encompass an expansive and comprehensive materials…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-11-20 Siyu Liu , Tongqi Wen , A. S. L. Subrahmanyam Pattamatta , David J. Srolovitz

Protein language models (PLMs) have shown promise in improving the understanding of protein sequences, contributing to advances in areas such as function prediction and protein engineering. However, training these models from scratch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shivasankaran Vanaja Pandi , Bharath Ramsundar