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Related papers: Resolving Predictive Multiplicity for the Rashomon…

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Prediction problems often admit competing models that perform almost equally well. This effect challenges key assumptions in machine learning when competing models assign conflicting predictions. In this paper, we define predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Charles T. Marx , Flavio du Pin Calmon , Berk Ustun

Issues can arise when research focused on fairness, transparency, or safety is conducted separately from research driven by practical deployment concerns and vice versa. This separation creates a growing need for translational work that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jamelle Watson-Daniels , Flavio du Pin Calmon , Alexander D'Amour , Carol Long , David C. Parkes , Berk Ustun

It is almost always easier to find an accurate-but-complex model than an accurate-yet-simple model. Finding optimal, sparse, accurate models of various forms (linear models with integer coefficients, decision sets, rule lists, decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Lesia Semenova , Cynthia Rudin , Ronald Parr

Many machine learning applications predict individual probabilities, such as the likelihood that a person develops a particular illness. Since these probabilities are unknown, a key question is how to address situations in which different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Tina Behzad , Sílvia Casacuberta , Emily Ruth Diana , Alexander Williams Tolbert

Different prediction models might perform equally well (Rashomon set) in the same task, but offer conflicting interpretations and conclusions about the data. The Rashomon effect in the context of Explainable AI (XAI) has been recognized as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Sichao Li , Amanda S. Barnard , Quanling Deng

Traditional approaches to ensure group fairness in algorithmic decision making aim to equalize ``total'' error rates for different subgroups in the population. In contrast, we argue that the fairness approaches should instead focus only on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Junaid Ali , Preethi Lahoti , Krishna P. Gummadi

Recent work has shown that models trained to the same objective, and which achieve similar measures of accuracy on consistent test data, may nonetheless behave very differently on individual predictions. This inconsistency is undesirable in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Emily Black , Klas Leino , Matt Fredrikson

We introduce an enumeration-free method based on mathematical programming to precisely characterize various properties such as fairness or sparsity within the set of "good models", known as Rashomon set. This approach is generically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Lucas Langlade , Julien Ferry , Gabriel Laberge , Thibaut Vidal

With the widespread deployment of large-scale prediction systems in high-stakes domains, e.g., face recognition, criminal justice, etc., disparity in prediction accuracy between different demographic subgroups has called for fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Jianfeng Chi , Yuan Tian , Geoffrey J. Gordon , Han Zhao

Fine-tuning LLMs on tabular classification tasks can lead to the phenomenon of fine-tuning multiplicity where equally well-performing models make conflicting predictions on the same input. Fine-tuning multiplicity can arise due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Faisal Hamman , Pasan Dissanayake , Saumitra Mishra , Freddy Lecue , Sanghamitra Dutta

In any given machine learning problem, there may be many models that could explain the data almost equally well. However, most learning algorithms return only one of these models, leaving practitioners with no practical way to explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Rui Xin , Chudi Zhong , Zhi Chen , Takuya Takagi , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

Multi-objective preference alignment in language models often encounters a challenging trade-off: optimizing for one human preference (e.g., helpfulness) frequently compromises others (e.g., harmlessness) due to the inherent conflicts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zhihao Xu , Yongqi Tong , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou , Xiting Wang

This work addresses the challenge of providing consistent explanations for predictive models in the presence of model indeterminacy, which arises due to the existence of multiple (nearly) equally well-performing models for a given dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Dan Ley , Leonard Tang , Matthew Nazari , Hongjin Lin , Suraj Srinivas , Himabindu Lakkaraju

This paper tackles the challenge of detecting unreliable behavior in regression algorithms, which may arise from intrinsic variability (e.g., aleatoric uncertainty) or modeling errors (e.g., model uncertainty). First, we formally introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Andres Altieri , Marco Romanelli , Georg Pichler , Florence Alberge , Pablo Piantanida

In many applications, especially those involving prediction, models may yield near-optimal performance yet significantly disagree on individual-level outcomes. This phenomenon, known as predictive multiplicity, has been formally defined in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Mustafa Cavus

In both observational data and randomized control trials, researchers select statistical models to articulate how the outcome of interest varies with combinations of observable covariates. Choosing a model that is too simple can obfuscate…

Outlying observations can be challenging to handle and adversely affect subsequent analyses, especially in data with increasing dimensional complexity. Although outliers are not always undesired anomalies in the data and may possess…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-18 Anthony-Alexander Christidis , Gabriela Cohen-Freue

Algorithmic risk assessments are used to inform decisions in a wide variety of high-stakes settings. Often multiple predictive models deliver similar overall performance but differ markedly in their predictions for individual cases, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Amanda Coston , Ashesh Rambachan , Alexandra Chouldechova

This study explores how the Rashomon effect influences variable importance in the context of student demographics used for academic outcomes prediction. Our research follows the way machine learning algorithms are employed in Educational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jakub Kuzilek , Mustafa Çavuş

We propose DIVERSE, a framework for systematically exploring the Rashomon set of deep neural networks, the collection of models that match a reference model's accuracy while differing in their predictive behavior. DIVERSE augments a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Gilles Eerlings , Brent Zoomers , Jori Liesenborgs , Gustavo Rovelo Ruiz , Kris Luyten