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While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in semantic tasks, they frequently lack the "spatial sense" essential for sophisticated geometric reasoning. Current models typically suffer from exorbitant modality-alignment costs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Zhang , Youya Xia , Yong Wang , Meng Song , Xin Wu , Wenjun Wan , Bingbing Liu , AiXue Ye , Hongbo Zhang , Feng Wen

For full-size humanoid robots, even with recent advances in reinforcement learning-based control, achieving reliable locomotion on complex terrains, such as long staircases, remains challenging. In such settings, limited perception,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Haolin Song , Hongbo Zhu , Tao Yu , Yan Liu , Mingqi Yuan , Wengang Zhou , Hua Chen , Houqiang Li

Robots rely heavily on sensors, especially RGB and depth cameras, to perceive and interact with the world. RGB cameras record 2D images with rich semantic information while missing precise spatial information. On the other side, depth…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Tong Zhang , Yingdong Hu , Hanchen Cui , Hang Zhao , Yang Gao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate exceptional semantic reasoning but struggle with 3D spatial perception when restricted to pure RGB inputs. Despite leveraging implicit geometric priors from 3D reconstruction models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiaxin Zhang , Junjun Jiang , Haijie Li , Youyu Chen , Kui Jiang , Dave Zhenyu Chen

Generative pre-trained models have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in language and vision domains by learning useful representations. In this paper, we extend the scope of this effectiveness by showing that visual robot manipulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Hongtao Wu , Ya Jing , Chilam Cheang , Guangzeng Chen , Jiafeng Xu , Xinghang Li , Minghuan Liu , Hang Li , Tao Kong

Recent advances in legged locomotion learning are still dominated by the utilization of geometric representations of the environment, limiting the robot's capability to respond to higher-level semantics such as human instructions. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 I Made Aswin Nahrendra , Seunghyun Lee , Dongkyu Lee , Hyun Myung

The prevailing paradigm of perceptive humanoid locomotion relies heavily on active depth sensors. However, this depth-centric approach fundamentally discards the rich semantic and dense appearance cues of the visual world, severing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yufei Liu , Xieyuanli Chen , Hainan Pan , Chenghao Shi , Yanjie Chen , Kaihong Huang , Zhiwen Zeng , Huimin Lu

We present a deep imitation learning framework for robotic bimanual manipulation in a continuous state-action space. A core challenge is to generalize the manipulation skills to objects in different locations. We hypothesize that modeling…

Leveraging auditory and visual feedback for attention reorientation is essential for natural gaze shifts in social interaction. However, enabling humanoid robots to perform natural and context-appropriate gaze shifts in unconstrained…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jingchao Wei , Jingkai Qin , Yuxiao Cao , Jingcheng Huang , Xiangrui Zeng , Min Li , Zhouping Yin

Recent robot learning methods commonly rely on imitation learning from massive robotic dataset collected with teleoperation. When facing a new task, such methods generally require collecting a set of new teleoperation data and finetuning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiang Zhu , Yichen Liu , Hezhong Li , Jianyu Chen

Humanoid robots hold great potential to perform various human-level skills, involving unified locomotion and manipulation in real-world settings. Driven by advances in machine learning and the strength of existing model-based approaches,…

Generalizable manipulation involving cross-type object interactions is a critical yet challenging capability in robotics. To reliably accomplish such tasks, robots must address two fundamental challenges: "where to manipulate" (contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhenhao Shen , Zeming Yang , Yue Chen , Yuran Wang , Shengqiang Xu , Mingleyang Li , Hao Dong , Ruihai Wu

Neuromorphic computing systems are set to revolutionize energy-constrained robotics by achieving orders-of-magnitude efficiency gains, while enabling native temporal processing. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Korneel Van den Berghe , Stein Stroobants , Vijay Janapa Reddi , G. C. H. E. de Croon

We present a framework for solving long-horizon planning problems involving manipulation of rigid objects that operates directly from a point-cloud observation, i.e. without prior object models. Our method plans in the space of object…

The language-guided robot grasping task requires a robot agent to integrate multimodal information from both visual and linguistic inputs to predict actions for target-driven grasping. While recent approaches utilizing Multimodal Large…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Houjian Yu , Mingen Li , Alireza Rezazadeh , Yang Yang , Changhyun Choi

In this paper, we explore spatial-aware humanoid whole-body manipulation task. Compared with tabletop settings, this task poses two key challenges: 1) Spatial understanding is challenging in complex 3D environments with diverse spatial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhizhao Liang , Yi-Lin Wei , Xuhang Chen , Mu Lin , Yi-Xiang He , Zhexi Luo , Jun-Hui Liu , Kun-Yu Lin , Wei-Shi Zheng

In this paper, we propose a real-world benchmark for studying robotic learning in the context of functional manipulation: a robot needs to accomplish complex long-horizon behaviors by composing individual manipulation skills in functionally…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jianlan Luo , Charles Xu , Fangchen Liu , Liam Tan , Zipeng Lin , Jeffrey Wu , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine

Human motion simulation (HMS) supports cost-effective evaluation of worker behavior, safety, and productivity in industrial tasks. However, existing methods often suffer from low motion fidelity. This study introduces Generative-AI-Enabled…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hari Iyer , Neel Macwan , Atharva Jitendra Hude , Heejin Jeong , Shenghan Guo

Generalist robot policies can now perform a wide range of manipulation skills, but evaluating and improving their ability with unfamiliar objects and instructions remains a significant challenge. Rigorous evaluation requires a large number…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yanjiang Guo , Lucy Xiaoyang Shi , Jianyu Chen , Chelsea Finn

Despite rapid progress in autonomous robotics, executing complex or long-horizon tasks remains a fundamental challenge. Most current approaches follow an open-loop paradigm with limited reasoning and no feedback, resulting in poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinyi Liu , Mohammadreza Fani Sani , Zewei Zhou , Julius Wirbel , Bahram Zarrin , Roberto Galeazzi