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While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is increasingly adopted to ground Large Language Models (LLMs) in software artifacts, the optimal configuration of its components remains an open question for software engineering (SE) tasks. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Qiang Ke , Yanjie Zhao , Hongjin Leng , Shengming Zhao , Haoyu Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external data, with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offering crucial information for question answering. Traditional Knowledge Graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yushi Sun , Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Xiao Yang , Xin Luna Dong , Nan Tang , Lei Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are very costly and inefficient to update with new information. To address this limitation, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been proposed as a solution that dynamically incorporates external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Sezen Perçin , Xin Su , Qutub Sha Syed , Phillip Howard , Aleksei Kuvshinov , Leo Schwinn , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

Technology-enhanced learning environments often help students retrieve relevant learning content for questions arising during self-paced study. Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as novel aids for information retrieval during…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Eason Chen , Chuangji Li , Shizhuo Li , Zimo Xiao , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models by incorporating external knowledge. However, existing vector-based methods often fail on global sensemaking tasks that require reasoning across many documents. GraphRAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jakir Hossain , Ahmet Erdem Sarıyüce

Large language models excel at many tasks but often incur high inference costs during deployment. To mitigate hallucination, many systems use a knowledge graph to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (KG-RAG). However, the large amount of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hairu Wang , Yuan Feng , Yukun Cao , Xike Xie , S Kevin Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Code-LLMs (CLLMs) have significantly improved code generation, but, they frequently face difficulties when dealing with challenging and complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly advanced Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA). However, existing LLM-driven KGQA systems act as stateless planners, generating…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yushi Sun , Lei Chen

Naive Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) focuses on individual documents during retrieval and, as a result, falls short in handling networked documents which are very popular in many applications such as citation graphs, social media, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zheng Zhang , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) hold promise for sustainable manufacturing, but often hallucinate industrial codes and emission factors, undermining regulatory and investment decisions. We introduce CircuGraphRAG, a retrieval-augmented…

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) analysts must answer complex questions over large collections of narrative security reports. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems help language models access external knowledge, but traditional vector…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dzenan Hamzic , Florian Skopik , Max Landauer , Markus Wurzenberger , Andreas Rauber

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is now standard for knowledge-intensive LLM tasks, but most systems still treat every query as fresh, repeatedly re-retrieving long passages and re-reasoning from scratch, inflating tokens, latency, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Ning Wang , Kuanyan Zhu , Daniel Yuehwoon Yee , Yitang Gao , Shiying Huang , Zirun Xu , Sainyam Galhotra

Despite the strong abilities, large language models (LLMs) still suffer from hallucinations and reliance on outdated knowledge, raising concerns in knowledge-intensive tasks. Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GRAG) enriches LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Derong Xu , Pengyue Jia , Xiaopeng Li , Yingyi Zhang , Maolin Wang , Qidong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Enhong Chen , Tong Xu

LLMs have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, yet they often suffer from hallucinations and lack reliable factual grounding. Meanwhile, knowledge graphs (KGs) provide structured factual knowledge but lack the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiangqing Shen , Fanfan Wang , Rui Xia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Nevertheless, effectively integrating and interpreting key evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhenghao Liu , Mingyan Wu , Xinze Li , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Minghe Yu , Zheni Zeng , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework for grounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in external, up-to-date information. However, recent advancements in context window size allow LLMs to process inputs of up to 128K tokens or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Seongwoong Shim , Myunsoo Kim , Jae Hyeon Cho , Byung-Jun Lee

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in multi-hop question answering (MHQA), where complex queries require synthesizing information across multiple document chunks. Existing approaches typically rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Zhonghao Li , Kunpeng Zhang , Jinghuai Ou , Shuliang Liu , Xuming Hu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access broader knowledge sources, yet factual inconsistencies persist due to noise in retrieved documents-even with advanced retrieval methods. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongjian Li , HaoCheng Chu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Ruobing Wang , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have enabled Large Language Models to answer financial questions using external knowledge bases of U.S. SEC filings, earnings reports, and regulatory documents. However, existing…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factuality by grounding LLMs in external knowledge, yet conventional centralized RAG requires aggregating distributed data, raising privacy risks and incurring high retrieval latency and cost.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Wenqing Zhou , Yuxuan Yan , Qianqian Yang
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