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On today's noisy imperfect quantum devices, execution fidelity tends to collapse dramatically for most applications beyond a handful of qubits. It is therefore imperative to employ novel techniques that can boost quantum fidelity in new…

We consider the possibility of adding noise to a quantum circuit to make it efficiently simulatable classically. In previous works this approach has been used to derive upper bounds to fault tolerance thresholds - usually by identifying a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-12 M. B. Plenio , S. Virmani

Quantum computing has made remarkable strides in recent years, as demonstrated by quantum supremacy experiments and the realization of high-fidelity, fault-tolerant gates. However, a major obstacle persists: practical real-world…

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

We provide and experimentally demonstrate an accreditation protocol that upper-bounds the variation distance between noisy and noiseless probability distributions of the outputs of arbitrary quantum computations. We accredit the outputs of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Samuele Ferracin , Seth T. Merkel , David McKay , Animesh Datta

Quantum noise is a central challenge in quantum computing across many applications. Extensive work has examined how qubits couple to their environment, leading to decoherence and relaxation, which is irreversible. Current studies focus on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova

We construct a polynomial-time classical algorithm that samples from the output distribution of noisy geometrically local Clifford circuits with any product-state input and single-qubit measurements in any basis. Our results apply to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Jon Nelson , Joel Rajakumar , Dominik Hangleiter , Michael J. Gullans

Classical-quantum computational complexity separations are an important motivation for the long-term development of digital quantum computers, but classical-quantum complexity equivalences are just as important in our present era of noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-10 Jonathan E. Moussa

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia, research centers and industries including computational science, mathematics, finance, pharmaceutical, materials science, chemistry and cryptography. Although it has seen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 He-Liang Huang , Xiao-Yue Xu , Chu Guo , Guojing Tian , Shi-Jie Wei , Xiaoming Sun , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Lu Long

The computational power of real-world quantum computers is limited by errors. When using quantum computers to perform algorithms which cannot be efficiently simulated classically, it is important to quantify the accuracy with which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Avi Vadali , Rutuja Kshirsagar , Prasanth Shyamsundar , Gabriel N. Perdue

Although there have been remarkable advances in quantum computing (QC), it remains crucial to simulate quantum programs using classical large-scale parallel computing systems to validate quantum algorithms, comprehend the impact of noise,…

Simulating quantum circuits classically is an important area of research in quantum information, with applications in computational complexity and validation of quantum devices. One of the state-of-the-art simulators, that of Bravyi et al,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Hammam Qassim , Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

In a recent work a quantum error mitigation protocol was applied to the expectation values obtained from circuits on the IBM Eagle quantum processor with up $127$ - qubits with up to $60 \; - \; \mbox{CNOT}$ layers. To benchmark the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-03 Sajant Anand , Kristan Temme , Abhinav Kandala , Michael Zaletel

We present a novel method for simulating the noisy behaviour of quantum computers, which allows to efficiently incorporate environmental effects in the driven evolution implementing the gates acting on the qubits. We show how to modify the…

Complex quantum networks are not only hard to establish, but also difficult to simulate due to the exponentially growing state space and noise-induced imperfections. In this work, we propose an alternative approach that leverage quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Ferran Riera-Sàbat , Jorge Miguel-Ramiro , Wolfgang Dür

In the Quantum Supremacy regime, quantum computers may overcome classical machines on several tasks if we can estimate, mitigate, or correct unavoidable hardware noise. Estimating the error requires classical simulations, which become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Nicolo Colombo

Many-body open quantum systems, described by Lindbladian master equations, are a rich class of physical models that display complex equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium phenomena which remain to be understood. In this paper, we theoretically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Vikram Kashyap , Georgios Styliaris , Sara Mouradian , Juan Ignacio Cirac , Rahul Trivedi

Unitary Coupled Cluster (UCC) approaches are an appealing route to utilising quantum hardware to perform quantum chemistry calculations, as quantum computers can in principle perform UCC calculations in a polynomially scaling fashion, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Maria-Andreea Filip , Nathan Fitzpatrick , David Muñoz Ramo , Alex J. W. Thom

As quantum devices continue to grow in size but remain affected by noise, it is crucial to determine when and how they can outperform classical computers on practical tasks. A central piece in this effort is to develop the most efficient…

Stabilizer simulation of Clifford quantum circuits - error-correction circuits, Clifford subroutines, etc. - on classical computers has played a central role in our understanding of circuit performance. The stabilizer description, however,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Mark Myers , Mariesa H. Teo , Rajesh Mishra , Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng