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General large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable success, but it has also raised concerns among people about the misuse of AI-generated texts. Therefore, an important question is how to detect whether the texts are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Rongsheng Wang , Qi Li , Sihong Xie

This study investigates the efficacy of six major Generative AI (GenAI) text detectors when confronted with machine-generated content that has been modified using techniques designed to evade detection by these tools (n=805). The results…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Mike Perkins , Jasper Roe , Binh H. Vu , Darius Postma , Don Hickerson , James McGaughran , Huy Q. Khuat

We study an important and challenging task of attacking natural language processing models in a hard label black box setting. We propose a decision-based attack strategy that crafts high quality adversarial examples on text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Rishabh Maheshwary , Saket Maheshwary , Vikram Pudi

Numerous techniques have been proposed for generating adversarial examples in white-box settings under strict Lp-norm constraints. However, such norm-bounded examples often fail to align well with human perception, and only a few methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Abdullah Al Nomaan Nafi , Habibur Rahaman , Zafaryab Haider , Tanzim Mahfuz , Fnu Suya , Swarup Bhunia , Prabuddha Chakraborty

While image-to-text models have demonstrated significant advancements in various vision-language tasks, they remain susceptible to adversarial attacks. Existing white-box attacks on image-to-text models require access to the architecture,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Qingyuan Zeng , Zhenzhong Wang , Yiu-ming Cheung , Min Jiang

Fooling deep neural networks with adversarial input have exposed a significant vulnerability in the current state-of-the-art systems in multiple domains. Both black-box and white-box approaches have been used to either replicate the model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Shreya Khare , Rahul Aralikatte , Senthil Mani

With the advent of fluent generative language models that can produce convincing utterances very similar to those written by humans, distinguishing whether a piece of text is machine-generated or human-written becomes more challenging and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Niloofar Mireshghallah , Justus Mattern , Sicun Gao , Reza Shokri , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Machine learning (ML) based approaches have been the mainstream solution for anti-phishing detection. When they are deployed on the client-side, ML-based classifiers are vulnerable to evasion attacks. However, such potential threats have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Yusi Lei , Sen Chen , Lingling Fan , Fu Song , Yang Liu

The security of AI-generated content (AIGC) detection is crucial for ensuring multimedia content credibility. To enhance detector security, research on adversarial attacks has become essential. However, most existing adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Caiyun Xie , Dengpan Ye , Yunming Zhang , Long Tang , Yunna Lv , Jiacheng Deng , Jiawei Song

While machine-generated texts (MGTs) offer great convenience, they also pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, highlighting the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Shuhai Zhang , Bo Han , Defu Lian

Arabic handwriting recognition (AHR) has made significant progress with deep learning models. AHR research has largely focused on performance, with security receiving little attention. This study provides what appears to be a new line of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mohsine EL Khayati , Abdelillah Semma , Abdelaziz Courr , Rachid Elouahbi

As AI-generated text enters the real-world at scale, institutions increasingly use commercial AI-text detectors, especially in education and academic-integrity workflows. We report a surprising empirical finding about such systems: when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yixuan Even Xu , Ziqian Zhong , Aditi Raghunathan , Fei Fang , J. Zico Kolter

We introduce Ghostbuster, a state-of-the-art system for detecting AI-generated text. Our method works by passing documents through a series of weaker language models, running a structured search over possible combinations of their features,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vivek Verma , Eve Fleisig , Nicholas Tomlin , Dan Klein

The recent proliferation of photorealistic images created by generative models has sparked both excitement and concern, as these images are increasingly indistinguishable from real ones to the human eye. While offering new creative and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are prevalent, particularly in applications for voice navigation and voice control of domestic appliances. The computational core of ASRs are deep neural networks (DNNs) that have been shown to be…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Xiaoliang Wu , Ajitha Rajan

With the rapidly increasing application of large language models (LLMs), their abuse has caused many undesirable societal problems such as fake news, academic dishonesty, and information pollution. This makes AI-generated text (AIGT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yuhui Shi , Qiang Sheng , Juan Cao , Hao Mi , Beizhe Hu , Danding Wang

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

The rising popularity of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about machine-generated text (MGT), particularly in academic settings, where issues like plagiarism and misinformation are prevalent. As a result, developing a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yule Liu , Zhiyuan Zhong , Yifan Liao , Zhen Sun , Jingyi Zheng , Jiaheng Wei , Qingyuan Gong , Fenghua Tong , Yang Chen , Yang Zhang , Xinlei He

Machine learning based intrusion detection systems are increasingly targeted by black box adversarial attacks, where attackers craft evasive inputs using indirect feedback such as binary outputs or behavioral signals like response time and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sabrine Ennaji , Elhadj Benkhelifa , Luigi Vincenzo Mancini

Machine-Generated Text (MGT) is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish from Human-Written Text (HWT). This trend has exacerbated malicious activities such as fake news and online fraud. The generalization ability of fine-tuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Anyang Song , Ying Cheng , Yiqian Xu , Rui Feng