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We introduce a new method for analyzing midpoint discretizations of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which are frequently used in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for sampling from a target measure $\pi \propto \exp(-V)$.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Matthew S. Zhang

Sampling from flat modes in discrete spaces is a crucial yet underexplored problem. Flat modes represent robust solutions and have broad applications in combinatorial optimization and discrete generative modeling. However, existing sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Pinaki Mohanty , Riddhiman Bhattacharya , Ruqi Zhang

We study the problem of approximate sampling from non-log-concave distributions, e.g., Gaussian mixtures, which is often challenging even in low dimensions due to their multimodality. We focus on performing this task via Markov chain Monte…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-30 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Han Liu , Thomas Pock

We present the Liouville Flow Importance Sampler (LFIS), an innovative flow-based model for generating samples from unnormalized density functions. LFIS learns a time-dependent velocity field that deterministically transports samples from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-11 Yifeng Tian , Nishant Panda , Yen Ting Lin

Langevin diffusion processes and their discretizations are often used for sampling from a target density. The most convenient framework for assessing the quality of such a sampling scheme corresponds to smooth and strongly log-concave…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Arnak S. Dalalyan , Lionel Riou-Durand

A general method is proposed which allows one to estimate drift and diffusion coefficients of a stochastic process governed by a Langevin equation. It extends a previously devised approach [R. Friedrich et al., Physics Letters A 271, 217…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Kleinhans , R. Friedrich , A. Nawroth , J. Peinke

Sampling from unnormalized target distributions is a fundamental yet challenging task in machine learning and statistics. Existing sampling algorithms typically require many iterative steps to produce high-quality samples, leading to high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Pascal Jutras-Dube , Jiaru Zhang , Ziran Wang , Ruqi Zhang

A systematic procedure for optimising the friction coefficient in underdamped Langevin dynamics as a sampling tool is given by taking the gradient of the associated asymptotic variance with respect to friction. We give an expression for…

Computation · Statistics 2023-11-01 Martin Chak , Nikolas Kantas , Tony Lelièvre , Grigorios A. Pavliotis

An effective approach for sampling from unnormalized densities is based on the idea of gradually transporting samples from an easy prior to the complicated target distribution. Two popular methods are (1) Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC), where…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-09 Junhua Chen , Lorenz Richter , Julius Berner , Denis Blessing , Gerhard Neumann , Anima Anandkumar

The Langevin equation is a common tool to model diffusion at a single-particle level. In non-homogeneous environments, such as aqueous two-phase systems or biological condensates with different diffusion coefficients in different phases,…

Motivated by applications to mathematical biology, we study the averaging problem for slow-fast systems, {\em in the case in which the fast dynamics is a stochastic process with multiple invariant measures}. We consider both the case in…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-17 B. D. Goddard , M. Ottobre , K. J. Painter , I. Souttar

Generative models based on dynamical equations such as flows and diffusions offer exceptional sample quality, but require computationally expensive numerical integration during inference. The advent of consistency models has enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nicholas M. Boffi , Michael S. Albergo , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Flow Matching, a promising approach in generative modeling, has recently gained popularity. Relying on ordinary differential equations, it offers a simple and flexible alternative to diffusion models, which are currently the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Lea Kunkel

In this work we consider the unbiased estimation of expectations w.r.t.~probability measures that have non-negative Lebesgue density, and which are known point-wise up-to a normalizing constant. We focus upon developing an unbiased method…

Computation · Statistics 2023-08-17 Hamza Ruzayqat , Neil K. Chada , Ajay Jasra

We study dynamic measure transport for generative modeling: specifically, flows induced by stochastic processes that bridge a specified source and target distribution. The conditional expectation of the process' velocity defines an ODE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Panos Tsimpos , Youssef Marzouk

In recent years we have witnessed a growth in mathematics for deep learning, which has been used to solve inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, most deep learning-based inversion methods either require paired…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-23 Enze Jiang , Jishen Peng , Zheng Ma , Xiong-Bin Yan

We analyze a recently proposed class of algorithms for the problem of sampling from probability distributions $\mu^\ast$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with a Lebesgue density of the form $\mu^\ast(x) \propto \exp(-f(Kx)-g(x))$, where $K$ is a linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Martin Burger , Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Lorenz Kuger , Lukas Weigand

A popular approach to sample a diffusion-based generative model is to solve an ordinary differential equation (ODE). In existing samplers, the coefficients of the ODE solvers are pre-determined by the ODE formulation, the reverse discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Guoqiang Zhang , Niwa Kenta , W. Bastiaan Kleijn

Adaptive or dynamic signal sampling in sensing systems can adapt subsequent sampling strategies based on acquired signals, thereby potentially improving image quality and speed. This paper proposes a Bayesian method for adaptive sampling…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Guanhua Wang , Douglas C. Noll , Jeffrey A. Fessler

This work proposes a novel method through which local information about the target density can be used to construct an efficient importance sampler. The backbone of the proposed method is the Incremental Mixture Importance Sampling (IMIS)…

Computation · Statistics 2016-11-22 Matteo Fasiolo , Flávio Eler de Melo , Simon Maskell