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We consider numerical methods for thermodynamic sampling, i.e. computing sequences of points distributed according to the Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution, using Langevin dynamics and overdamped Langevin dynamics (Brownian dynamics). A wide…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-13 Benedict Leimkuhler , Charles Matthews , Gabriel Stoltz

We introduce a novel framework for efficient sampling from complex, unnormalised target distributions by exploiting multiscale dynamics. Traditional score-based sampling methods either rely on learned approximations of the score function or…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-04 Paula Cordero-Encinar , Andrew B. Duncan , Sebastian Reich , O. Deniz Akyildiz

We propose a general purpose Bayesian inference algorithm for expensive likelihoods, replacing the stochastic term in the Langevin equation with a deterministic density gradient term. The particle density is evaluated from the current…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-14 Richard D. P. Grumitt , Biwei Dai , Uros Seljak

Stochastic interpolants offer a robust framework for continuously transforming samples between arbitrary data distributions, holding significant promise for generative modeling. Despite their potential, rigorous finite-time convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yuhao Liu , Rui Hu , Yu Chen , Longbo Huang

This paper is concerned with sampling from probability distributions $\pi$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$ admitting a density of the form $\pi(x) \propto e^{-U(x)}$, where $U(x)=F(x)+G(Kx)$ with $K$ being a linear operator and $G$ being…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Andreas Habring , Martin Holler , Thomas Pock

Solving inverse problems without the use of derivatives or adjoints of the forward model is highly desirable in many applications arising in science and engineering. In this paper, we propose a new version of such a methodology, a framework…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-10-17 Alfredo Garbuno-Inigo , Franca Hoffmann , Wuchen Li , Andrew M. Stuart

We present a new method for sampling rare and large fluctuations in a non-equilibrium system governed by a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) with additive forcing. To this end, we deploy the so-called instanton formalism that…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Lasse Ebener , Georgios Margazoglou , Jan Friedrich , Luca Biferale , Rainer Grauer

We introduce a novel unit-time ordinary differential equation (ODE) flow called the preconditioned F\"{o}llmer flow, which efficiently transforms a Gaussian measure into a desired target measure at time 1. To discretize the flow, we apply…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-08 Zhao Ding , Yuling Jiao , Xiliang Lu , Zhijian Yang , Cheng Yuan

Fitting models to data to obtain distributions of consistent parameter values is important for uncertainty quantification, model comparison, and prediction. Standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches for fitting ordinary…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-05 Chris Chi , Jonathan Weare , Aaron R. Dinner

We investigate the use of diffusion models as neural density estimators. The current approach to this problem involves converting the generative process to a smooth flow, known as the Probability Flow ODE. The log density at a given sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Akhil Premkumar

A class of generative models that unifies flow-based and diffusion-based methods is introduced. These models extend the framework proposed in Albergo and Vanden-Eijnden (2023), enabling the use of a broad class of continuous-time stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Michael S. Albergo , Nicholas M. Boffi , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

In this paper, we provide a multiscale perspective on the problem of maximum marginal likelihood estimation. We consider and analyse a diffusion-based maximum marginal likelihood estimation scheme using ideas from multiscale dynamics. Our…

Computation · Statistics 2024-06-11 O. Deniz Akyildiz , Michela Ottobre , Iain Souttar

Statistical models can involve implicitly defined quantities, such as solutions to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), that unavoidably need to be numerically approximated in order to evaluate the model. The approximation…

Computation · Statistics 2024-09-16 Juho Timonen , Nikolas Siccha , Ben Bales , Harri Lähdesmäki , Aki Vehtari

Diffusion and flow-based models are ubiquitously used for generative modelling and density estimation. They admit a deterministic probability flow ordinary differential equation (PF-ODE), analogous to continuous normalizing flows (CNFs),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Gurjeet Jagwani , Stephen Thorp , Sinan Deger , Hiranya Peiris

In this paper we propose a new approach for sampling from probability measures in, possibly, high dimensional spaces. By perturbing the standard overdamped Langevin dynamics by a suitable Stratonovich perturbation that preserves the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-04-23 Assyr Abdulle , Grigorios A. Pavliotis , Gilles Vilmart

We provide the first polynomial-time convergence guarantees for the probability flow ODE implementation (together with a corrector step) of score-based generative modeling. Our analysis is carried out in the wake of recent results obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Sitan Chen , Sinho Chewi , Holden Lee , Yuanzhi Li , Jianfeng Lu , Adil Salim

Sampling the Boltzmann distribution using forces that violate detailed balance can be faster than with the equilibrium evolution, but the acceleration depends on the nature of the nonequilibrium drive and the physical situation. Here, we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-20 Federico Ghimenti , Ludovic Berthier , Grzegorz Szamel , Frédéric van Wijland

Langevin (stochastic differential) equations are routinely used to describe particle-laden flows. They predict Gaussian probability density functions (PDFs) of a particle's trajectory and velocity, even though experimentally observed…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-03-11 Daniel Domínguez-Vázquez , Gustaaf B. Jacobs , Daniel M. Tartakovsky

Probabilistic ordinary differential equation (ODE) solvers have been introduced over the past decade as uncertainty-aware numerical integrators. They typically proceed by assuming a functional prior to the ODE solution, which is then…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Yvann Le Fay , Simo Särkkä , Adrien Corenflos

We systematically develop beneficial and practical velocity measures for accurate and efficient statistical simulations of the Langevin equation with direct applications to computational statistical mechanics and molecular dynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-25 Niels Grønbech-Jensen