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Time-series forecasting in real-world applications such as finance and energy often faces challenges due to limited training data and complex, noisy temporal dynamics. Existing deep forecasting models typically supervise predictions using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jiacheng You , Jingcheng Yang , Yuhang Xie , Zhongxuan Wu , Xiucheng Li , Feng Li , Pengjie Wang , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng , Xinyang Chen

What-if analysis can be used as a process in data-driven decision making to inspect the behavior of a complex system under some given hypothesis. We propose a What-If Machine that creates hypothetical realities by resampling the data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Jessica Maria Echterhoff , Bhaskar Sen , Yifei Ren , Nikhil Gopal

Recent advances in large language models have laid the foundation for multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), which unify text, speech, and vision within a single framework. As these models are rapidly evolving toward general-purpose instruction following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sara Papi , Maike Züfle , Marco Gaido , Beatrice Savoldi , Danni Liu , Ioannis Douros , Luisa Bentivogli , Jan Niehues

Multi-task and few-shot time series forecasting tasks are commonly encountered in scenarios such as the launch of new products in different cities. However, traditional time series forecasting methods suffer from insufficient historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Pengpeng Ouyang , Dong Chen , Tong Yang , Shuo Feng , Zhao Jin , Mingliang Xu

Foundation models have emerged as a promising approach in time series forecasting (TSF). Existing approaches either repurpose large language models (LLMs) or build large-scale time series datasets to develop TSF foundation models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mouxiang Chen , Lefei Shen , Zhuo Li , Xiaoyun Joy Wang , Jianling Sun , Chenghao Liu

Traditional time series forecasting methods predominantly rely on historical data patterns, neglecting external interventions that significantly shape future dynamics. Through control-theoretic analysis, we show that the implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zhijian Xu , Hao Wang , Qiang Xu

Time series forecasting holds significant importance across various industries, including finance, transportation, energy, healthcare, and climate. Despite the widespread use of linear networks due to their low computational cost and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Zirui Zhuang , Jianxin Liao

Context-aided forecasting (CAF) holds promise for integrating domain knowledge and forward-looking information, enabling AI systems to surpass traditional statistical methods. However, recent empirical studies reveal a puzzling gap:…

In Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF), the lookback window is a critical hyperparameter often set arbitrarily, undermining the validity of model evaluations. We argue that the lookback window must be tuned on a per-task basis to…

Irregular multivariate time series forecasting (IMTSF) is challenging due to non-uniform sampling and variable asynchronicity. These irregularities violate the equidistant assumptions of standard models, hindering local temporal modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xiangfei Qiu , Kangjia Yan , Xvyuan Liu , Xingjian Wu , Jilin Hu

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Zijie Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Yan Guo , Ming Huang , Hui Xiong

Time series forecasting (TSF) plays a critical role in decision-making for many real-world applications. Recently, LLM-based forecasters have made promising advancements. Despite their effectiveness, existing methods often lack explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiaoyu Tao , Mingyue Cheng , Ze Guo , Shuo Yu , Yaguo Liu , Qi Liu , Shijin Wang

Long-term time series forecasting (LTSF) is a critical task across diverse domains. Despite significant advancements in LTSF research, we identify a performance bottleneck in existing LTSF methods caused by the inadequate modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Qi Xiong , Kai Tang , Minbo Ma , Ji Zhang , Jie Xu , Tianrui Li

Time series forecasting plays a critical role in decision-making across many real-world applications. Unlike data in vision and language domains, time series data is inherently tied to the evolution of underlying processes and can only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Suhan Guo , Bingxu Wang , Shaodan Zhang , Furao Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to time series forecasting tasks, leveraging pre-trained language models as the backbone and incorporating textual data to purportedly enhance the comprehensive capabilities of LLMs for time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zhengke Sun , Hangwei Qian , Ivor Tsang

Despite the recent success of large language models (LLMs) in time-series forecasting, most existing methods still adopt a Deep Synchronous Fusion strategy, where dense interactions between textual and temporal features are enforced at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Fan Zhang , Shiming Fan , Hua Wang

We introduce TimeCopilot, the first open-source agentic framework for forecasting that combines multiple Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) with Large Language Models (LLMs) through a single unified API. TimeCopilot automates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Azul Garza , Renée Rosillo

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform financial analytics by integrating numerical and textual data. However, challenges such as insufficient context when fusing multimodal information and the…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-14 Hoyoung Lee , Youngsoo Choi , Yuhee Kwon

We present an interactive probing tool to create, modify and analyze what-if scenarios for multivariate time series models. The solution is applied to freight trading, where analysts can carry out sensitivity analysis on freight rates by…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-09-23 Haonan Xu , Haotian Li , Yong Wang
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