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Time series forecasting is critical across finance, healthcare, and cloud computing, yet progress is constrained by a fundamental bottleneck: the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality benchmarks. To address this gap, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Siqiao Xue , Zhaoyang Zhu , Wei Zhang , Rongyao Cai , Rui Wang , Yixiang Mu , Fan Zhou , Jianguo Li , Peng Di , Hang Yu

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have borrowed the long context paradigm from natural language processing under the premise that feeding more history into the model improves forecast quality. But in stochastic domains, distant history…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rishi Ahuja , Kumar Prateek , Simranjit Singh , Vijay Kumar

Time Series Forecasting (TSF) has long been a challenge in time series analysis. Inspired by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers are now developing Large Time Series Models (LTSMs)-universal transformer-based models…

Multimodal time series forecasting has garnered significant attention for its potential to provide more accurate predictions than traditional single-modality models by leveraging rich information inherent in other modalities. However, due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jiafeng Lin , Yuxuan Wang , Huakun Luo , Zhongyi Pei , Jianmin Wang

The development of Time-Series Forecasting (TSF) models is often constrained by the lack of comprehensive datasets, especially in Global Station Weather Forecasting (GSWF), where existing datasets are small, temporally short, and spatially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tao Han , Zhibin Wen , Zhenghao Chen , Dazhao Du , Song Guo , Lei Bai

Conventional forecasting methods rely on unimodal time series data, limiting their ability to exploit rich textual information. Recently, large language models (LLMs) and time series foundation models (TSFMs) have demonstrated powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Zhongwen Rao , Lujia Pan , Jingyu Wang , Jianxin Liao

Time series forecasting (TSF) is crucial in fields like economic forecasting, weather prediction, traffic flow analysis, and public health surveillance. Real-world time series data often include noise, outliers, and missing values, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Quangao Liu , Ruiqi Li , Maowei Jiang , Wei Yang , Chen Liang , LongLong Pang , Zhuozhang Zou

Time series forecasting traditionally relies on unimodal numerical inputs, which often struggle to capture high-level semantic patterns due to their dense and unstructured nature. While recent approaches have explored representing time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Sixun Dong , Wei Fan , Teresa Wu , Yanjie Fu

Forecasting is a challenging task that offers a clearly measurable way to study AI systems. Forecasting requires a large amount of research on the internet, and evaluations require time for events to happen, making the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 FutureSearch , : , Jack Wildman , Nikos I. Bosse , Daniel Hnyk , Peter Mühlbacher , Finn Hambly , Jon Evans , Dan Schwarz , Lawrence Phillips

Recently, there has been growing interest in incorporating textual information into foundation models for time series forecasting. However, it remains unclear whether and under what conditions such multimodal integration consistently yields…

Time series forecasting (TSF) has long been a crucial task in both industry and daily life. Most classical statistical models may have certain limitations when applied to practical scenarios in fields such as energy, healthcare, traffic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xiangjie Kong , Zhenghao Chen , Weiyao Liu , Kaili Ning , Lechao Zhang , Syauqie Muhammad Marier , Yichen Liu , Yuhao Chen , Feng Xia

Recent Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate in-context learning ability to perform various functions based solely on the provided context, without updating model parameters. To fully utilize the in-context capabilities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Jiecheng Lu , Yan Sun , Shihao Yang

In recent work on time-series prediction, Transformers and even large language models have garnered significant attention due to their strong capabilities in sequence modeling. However, in practical deployments, time-series prediction often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Wenxuan Xie , Fanpu Cao

Recent studies in time series forecasting (TSF) use multimodal inputs, such as text and historical time series data, to predict future values. These studies mainly focus on developing advanced techniques to integrate textual information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song , Yongdong Zhang

Forecasting weather and climate events is crucial for making appropriate measures to mitigate environmental hazards and minimize losses. However, existing environmental forecasting research focuses narrowly on predicting numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Haobo Li , Zhaowei Wang , Jiachen Wang , Yueya Wang , Alexis Kai Hon Lau , Huamin Qu

The immense success of the Transformer architecture in Natural Language Processing has led to its adoption in Time Se ries Forecasting (TSF), where superior performance has been shown. However, a recent important paper questioned their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Musleh Alharthi , Kaleel Mahmood , Sarosh Patel , Ausif Mahmood

World foundation models, which simulate the physical world by predicting future states from current observations and inputs, have become central to many applications in physical intelligence, including autonomous driving and robotics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Wenyan Cong , Hanqing Zhu , Peihao Wang , Bangya Liu , Dejia Xu , Kevin Wang , David Z. Pan , Yan Wang , Zhiwen Fan , Zhangyang Wang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in performing various tasks and thus are applied by recent studies to time series forecasting (TSF) tasks, which predict future values with the given historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Qinyu Liu , Jun Zhang , Yan Song

We formulate a new inference task in the domain of multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF), called Variable Subset Forecast (VSF), where only a small subset of the variables is available during inference. Variables are absent during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Jatin Chauhan , Aravindan Raghuveer , Rishi Saket , Jay Nandy , Balaraman Ravindran

Human experts typically integrate numerical and textual multimodal information to analyze time series. However, most traditional deep learning predictors rely solely on unimodal numerical data, using a fixed-length window for training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Chengsen Wang , Qi Qi , Jingyu Wang , Haifeng Sun , Zirui Zhuang , Jinming Wu , Lei Zhang , Jianxin Liao