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Understanding urban socioeconomic conditions through visual data is a challenging yet essential task for sustainable urban development and policy planning. In this work, we introduce \textit{CityLens}, a comprehensive benchmark designed to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tianhui Liu , Hetian Pang , Xin Zhang , Tianjian Ouyang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Jie Feng , Yong Li , Pan Hui

Visual reasoning is dominated by end-to-end neural networks scaled to billions of model parameters and training examples. However, even the largest models struggle with compositional reasoning, generalization, fine-grained spatial and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Aleksandar Stanić , Sergi Caelles , Michael Tschannen

Pretrained multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong performance on diverse multimodal tasks, but remain limited in reasoning capabilities for domains where annotations are difficult to collect. In this work, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xinyi Gu , Jiayuan Mao , Zhang-Wei Hong , Zhuoran Yu , Pengyuan Li , Dhiraj Joshi , Rogerio Feris , Zexue He

Parametric Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is central to contemporary mechanical design. However, it encounters challenges in achieving precise parametric sketch modeling and lacks practical evaluation metrics suitable for mechanical design. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Sifan Wu , Amir Khasahmadi , Mor Katz , Pradeep Kumar Jayaraman , Yewen Pu , Karl Willis , Bang Liu

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have enabled visually coherent image synthesis from descriptions, but generating images containing multiple given subjects remains challenging. As the number of reference identities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yucheng Zhou , Dubing Chen , Huan Zheng , Jianbing Shen

Context-aware emotion recognition (CAER) is a complex and significant task that requires perceiving emotions from various contextual cues. Previous approaches primarily focus on designing sophisticated architectures to extract emotional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yuxuan Lei , Dingkang Yang , Zhaoyu Chen , Jiawei Chen , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

Understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. While Vision Language Models (VLM) have demonstrated remarkable performance in certain VQA benchmarks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Boyuan Chen , Zhuo Xu , Sean Kirmani , Brian Ichter , Danny Driess , Pete Florence , Dorsa Sadigh , Leonidas Guibas , Fei Xia

Recent vision-language pre-training models have exhibited remarkable generalization ability in zero-shot recognition tasks. Previous open-vocabulary 3D scene understanding methods mostly focus on training 3D models using either image or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Ruihuang Li , Zhengqiang Zhang , Chenhang He , Zhiyuan Ma , Vishal M. Patel , Lei Zhang

Recent work has empirically shown that Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle to fully understand the compositional properties of the human language, usually modeling an image caption as a "bag of words". As a result, they perform poorly on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Fiorenzo Parascandolo , Nicholas Moratelli , Enver Sangineto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Image and language modeling is of crucial importance for vision-language pre-training (VLP), which aims to learn multi-modal representations from large-scale paired image-text data. However, we observe that most existing VLP methods focus…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Sunan He , Taian Guo , Tao Dai , Ruizhi Qiao , Chen Wu , Xiujun Shu , Bo Ren

The availability of labeled image datasets has been shown critical for high-level image understanding, which continuously drives the progress of feature designing and models developing. However, constructing labeled image datasets is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Yazhou Yao , Jian Zhang , Fumin Shen , Li Liu , Fan Zhu , Dongxiang Zhang , Heng-Tao Shen

Humans apprehend the world through various sensory modalities, yet language is their predominant communication channel. Machine learning systems need to draw on the same multimodal richness to have informed discourses with humans in natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Min Wang , Ata Mahjoubfar , Anupama Joshi

Generating accurate and consistent visual aids is a critical challenge in mathematics education, where visual representations like geometric shapes and functions play a pivotal role in enhancing student comprehension. This paper introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jeongwoo Lee , Kwangsuk Park , Jihyeon Park

Vision-Language Models have excelled at textual reasoning, but they often struggle with fine-grained spatial understanding and continuous action planning, failing to simulate the dynamics required for complex visual reasoning. In this work,…

Foundation models pre-trained on web-scale data are shown to encapsulate extensive world knowledge beneficial for robotic manipulation in the form of task planning. However, the actual physical implementation of these plans often relies on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Haoxu Huang , Fanqi Lin , Yingdong Hu , Shengjie Wang , Yang Gao

Vision-language models (VLMs) still struggle with visual perception tasks such as spatial understanding and viewpoint recognition. One plausible contributing factor is that natural image datasets provide limited supervision for low-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Guanyu Zhou , Yida Yin , Wenhao Chai , Shengbang Tong , Xingyu Fu , Zhuang Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a powerful tool for integrating visual and textual information. Despite their exceptional performance on visual understanding benchmarks, measuring their ability to reason abstractly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Nilay Yilmaz , Maitreya Patel , Yiran Lawrence Luo , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Suren Jayasuriya , Yezhou Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in code generation, underscoring the critical need for rigorous and comprehensive evaluation. Existing evaluation approaches fall into three categories, including…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinchen Wang , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng , Ruida Hu , Cuiyun Gao

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown to be effective at image retrieval based on simple text queries, but text-image retrieval based on conversational input remains a challenge. Consequently, if we want to use VLMs for reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Bram Willemsen , Livia Qian , Gabriel Skantze

A remarkable ability of human beings resides in compositional reasoning, i.e., the capacity to make "infinite use of finite means". However, current large vision-language foundation models (VLMs) fall short of such compositional abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Junyan Li , Delin Chen , Yining Hong , Zhenfang Chen , Peihao Chen , Yikang Shen , Chuang Gan