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The widespread dissemination of hate speech, harassment, harmful and sexual content, and violence across websites and media platforms presents substantial challenges and provokes widespread concern among different sectors of society.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Nouar AlDahoul , Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Harishwar Reddy Kasireddy , Yasir Zaki

Hate speech is a severe issue that affects many online platforms. So far, several studies have been performed to develop robust hate speech detection systems. Large language models like ChatGPT have recently shown a great promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mithun Das , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Animesh Mukherjee

The sentiment analysis task in Tamil-English code-mixed texts has been explored using advanced transformer-based models. Challenges from grammatical inconsistencies, orthographic variations, and phonetic ambiguities have been addressed. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Mikhail Krasitskii , Olga Kolesnikova , Liliana Chanona Hernandez , Grigori Sidorov , Alexander Gelbukh

In this paper, we discuss the development of a multilingual annotated corpus of misogyny and aggression in Indian English, Hindi, and Indian Bangla as part of a project on studying and automatically identifying misogyny and communalism on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shiladitya Bhattacharya , Siddharth Singh , Ritesh Kumar , Akanksha Bansal , Akash Bhagat , Yogesh Dawer , Bornini Lahiri , Atul Kr. Ojha

Internet memes have emerged as an increasingly popular means of communication on the Web. Although typically intended to elicit humour, they have been increasingly used to spread hatred, trolling, and cyberbullying, as well as to target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Shivam Sharma , Md. Shad Akhtar , Preslav Nakov , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The digital age has expanded social media and online forums, allowing free expression for nearly 45% of the global population. Yet, it has also fueled online harassment, bullying, and harmful behaviors like hate speech and toxic comments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Vuong M. Ngo , Cach N. Dang , Kien V. Nguyen , Mark Roantree

Social media platforms are increasingly dominated by long-form multimodal content, where harmful narratives are constructed through a complex interplay of audio, visual, and textual cues. While automated systems can flag hate speech with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Girish A. Koushik , Helen Treharne , Diptesh Kanojia

Hateful memes have emerged as a particularly challenging form of online abuse, motivating the development of automated detection systems. Most prior approaches rely on direct detection, producing only binary predictions. Such models fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingbiao Mei , Mingsheng Sun , Jinghong Chen , Pengda Qin , Yuhong Li , Da Chen , Bill Byrne

Automated offensive language detection is essential in combating the spread of hate speech, particularly in social media. This paper describes our work on Offensive Language Identification in low resource Indic language Marathi. The problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Tanmay Chavan , Shantanu Patankar , Aditya Kane , Omkar Gokhale , Raviraj Joshi

Combating hate speech on social media is critical for securing cyberspace, yet relies heavily on the efficacy of automated detection systems. As content formats evolve, hate speech is transitioning from solely plain text to complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Runze Sun , Yu Zheng , Zexuan Xiong , Zhongjin Qu , Lei Chen , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Current multimodal toxicity benchmarks typically use a single binary hatefulness label. This coarse approach conflates two fundamentally different characteristics of expression: tone and content. Drawing on communication science theory, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Nils A. Herrmann , Tobias Eder , Jingyi He , Georg Groh

The massive spread of hate speech, hateful content targeted at specific subpopulations, is a problem of critical social importance. Automated methods of hate speech detection typically employ state-of-the-art deep learning (DL)-based text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Tomer Wullach , Amir Adler , Einat Minkov

With the online proliferation of hate speech, there is an urgent need for systems that can detect such harmful content. In this paper, We present the machine learning models developed for the Automatic Misogyny Identification (AMI) shared…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter

The prevalence of memes on social media has created the need to sentiment analyze their underlying meanings for censoring harmful content. Meme censoring systems by machine learning raise the need for a semi-supervised learning solution to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Pham Thai Hoang Tung , Nguyen Tan Viet , Ngo Tien Anh , Phan Duy Hung

Hate speech in social media is a growing phenomenon, and detecting such toxic content has recently gained significant traction in the research community. Existing studies have explored fine-tuning language models (LMs) to perform hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Md Rabiul Awal , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Eshaan Tanwar , Tanmay Garg , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The increase in abusive content on online social media platforms is impacting the social life of online users. Use of offensive and hate speech has been making so-cial media toxic. Homophobia and transphobia constitute offensive comments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Deepawali Sharma , Vedika Gupta , Vivek Kumar Singh

This research introduces a novel approach to textual and multimodal Hate Speech Detection (HSD), using Large Language Models (LLMs) as dynamic knowledge bases to generate background context and incorporate it into the input of HSD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Joshua Wolfe Brook , Ilia Markov

In the past few years, the meme has become a new way of communication on the Internet. As memes are the images with embedded text, it can quickly spread hate, offence and violence. Classifying memes are very challenging because of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Eftekhar Hossain , Omar Sharif , Mohammed Moshiul Hoque

This paper introduces a novel multimodal framework for hate speech detection in deepfake audio, excelling even in zero-shot scenarios. Unlike previous approaches, our method uses contrastive learning to jointly align audio and text…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Rishabh Ranjan , Likhith Ayinala , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh