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The lack of transparency in the decision-making processes of deep learning systems presents a significant challenge in modern artificial intelligence (AI), as it impairs users' ability to rely on and verify these systems. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-18 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Gabriele Ciravegna , Michelangelo Diligenti , Giuseppe Marra

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

Self-evolving memory systems are unprecedentedly reshaping the evolutionary paradigm of large language model (LLM)-based agents. Prior work has predominantly relied on manually engineered memory architectures to store trajectories, distill…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Guibin Zhang , Haotian Ren , Chong Zhan , Zhenhong Zhou , Junhao Wang , He Zhu , Wangchunshu Zhou , Shuicheng Yan

Memory is critical for long-horizon and history-dependent robotic manipulation. Such tasks often involve counting repeated actions or manipulating objects that become temporarily occluded. Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yinpei Dai , Hongze Fu , Jayjun Lee , Yuejiang Liu , Haoran Zhang , Jianing Yang , Chelsea Finn , Nima Fazeli , Joyce Chai

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

The creation of machine learning algorithms for intelligent agents capable of continuous, lifelong learning is a critical objective for algorithms being deployed on real-life systems in dynamic environments. Here we present an algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Andrew Brna , Ryan Brown , Patrick Connolly , Stephen Simons , Renee Shimizu , Mario Aguilar-Simon

Despite rapid progress in large-scale language and vision models, AI agents still suffer from a fundamental limitation: they cannot remember. Without reliable memory, agents catastrophically forget past experiences, struggle with…

Atom-by-atom assembly of functional materials and devices is perceived as one of the ultimate targets of nanoscience and nanotechnology. While traditionally implemented via scanning probe microscopy techniques, recently it has been shown…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-01-05 Rama K. Vasudevan , Ayana Ghosh , Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

We study the problem of learning associative memory -- a system which is able to retrieve a remembered pattern based on its distorted or incomplete version. Attractor networks provide a sound model of associative memory: patterns are stored…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-21 Sergey Bartunov , Jack W Rae , Simon Osindero , Timothy P Lillicrap

Memory systems often organize user-agent interactions as retrievable external memory and are crucial for long-running agents by overcoming the limited context windows of LLMs. However, existing memory systems invoke LLMs to process every…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zijie Dai , Shiyuan Deng , Sheng Guan , Yizhou Tian , Xin Yao , Xiao Yan , James Cheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents typically learn memoryless policies---policies that only consider the last observation when selecting actions. Learning memoryless policies is efficient and optimal in fully observable environments.…

Complex reasoning in tool-augmented agent frameworks is inherently long-horizon, causing reasoning traces and transient tool artifacts to accumulate and strain the bounded working context of large language models. Without explicit memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Hongjin Qian , Zhao Cao , Zheng Liu

LLM-based conversational AI agents struggle to maintain coherent behavior over long horizons due to limited context. While RAG-based approaches are increasingly adopted to overcome this limitation by storing interactions in external memory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jiazhou Liang , Armin Toroghi , Yifan Simon Liu , Faeze Moradi Kalarde , Liam Gallagher , Scott Sanner

Working memory, or the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind, is a critical component of human intelligence and executive functioning. It is correlated with performance on various cognitive tasks, including measures of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Karin de Langis , Jong Inn Park , Bin Hu , Khanh Chi Le , Andreas Schramm , Michael C. Mensink , Andrew Elfenbein , Dongyeop Kang

Long-context LLMs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems process information passively, deferring state tracking, contradiction resolution, and evidence aggregation to query time, which becomes brittle under ultra long streams…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kehao Zhang , Shangtong Gui , Sheng Yang , Wei Chen , Yang Feng

Many robotic applications require the agent to perform long-horizon tasks in partially observable environments. In such applications, decision making at any step can depend on observations received far in the past. Hence, being able to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Kuan Fang , Alexander Toshev , Li Fei-Fei , Silvio Savarese

The concepts of unitary evolution matrices and associative memory have boosted the field of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to state-of-the-art performance in a variety of sequential tasks. However, RNN still have a limited capacity to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Rumen Dangovski , Li Jing , Marin Soljacic

Recent advances in machine-learning interatomic potentials have enabled the efficient modeling of complex atomistic systems with an accuracy that is comparable to that of conventional quantum mechanics based methods. At the same time, the…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-05-06 April M. Miksch , Tobias Morawietz , Johannes Kästner , Alexander Urban , Nongnuch Artrith

Autonomous data science, from raw data sources to analyst-grade deep research reports, has been a long-standing challenge, and is now becoming feasible with the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs). Recent workflow-based data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shaolei Zhang , Ju Fan , Meihao Fan , Guoliang Li , Xiaoyong Du