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Inverse problems, which involve estimating parameters from incomplete or noisy observations, arise in various fields such as medical imaging, geophysics, and signal processing. These problems are often ill-posed, requiring regularization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Shadab Ahamed , Eldad Haber

Diffusion and flow matching policies offer expressive, multimodal action modeling, yet they are frequently unstable in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to intractable likelihoods and gradients propagating through long sampling chains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chubin Zhang , Zhenglin Wan , Feng Chen , Fuchao Yang , Lang Feng , Yaxin Zhou , Xingrui Yu , Yang You , Ivor Tsang , Bo An

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies from pre-existing datasets without further interactions, making it a challenging task. Q-learning algorithms struggle with extrapolation errors in offline settings, while supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhengbang Zhu , Minghuan Liu , Liyuan Mao , Bingyi Kang , Minkai Xu , Yong Yu , Stefano Ermon , Weinan Zhang

A commonly used family of RL algorithms for diffusion policies conducts softmax reweighting over samples from the behavior policy, which often induces an overgreedy policy and fails to utilize feedback from negative samples. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haitong Ma , Chenxiao Gao , Tianyi Chen , Na Li , Bo Dai

Conventional diffusion models typically relies on a fixed forward process, which implicitly defines complex marginal distributions over latent variables. This can often complicate the reverse process' task in learning generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

We present flow Q-learning (FQL), a simple and performant offline reinforcement learning (RL) method that leverages an expressive flow-matching policy to model arbitrarily complex action distributions in data. Training a flow policy with RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Seohong Park , Qiyang Li , Sergey Levine

We propose Riemannian Flow Matching (RFM), a simple yet powerful framework for training continuous normalizing flows on manifolds. Existing methods for generative modeling on manifolds either require expensive simulation, are inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Ricky T. Q. Chen , Yaron Lipman

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have achieved great success in fine-tuning diffusion-based generative models. However, fine-tuning continuous flow-based generative models to align with arbitrary user-defined reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiajun Fan , Shuaike Shen , Chaoran Cheng , Yuxin Chen , Chumeng Liang , Ge Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models based on flow matching have shown excellent performance in general-purpose robotic manipulation tasks. However, the action accuracy of these models on complex downstream tasks is unsatisfactory. One…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Hongyin Zhang , Shiyuan Zhang , Junxi Jin , Qixin Zeng , Yifan Qiao , Hongchao Lu , Donglin Wang

Generative models such as diffusion have been employed as world models in offline reinforcement learning to generate synthetic data for more effective learning. Existing work either generates diffusion models one-time prior to training or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zeyu Fang , Tian Lan

We explain how to use diffusion models to learn inverse renormalization group flows of statistical and quantum field theories. Diffusion models are a class of machine learning models which have been used to generate samples from complex…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-07 Jordan Cotler , Semon Rezchikov

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) presents distinct challenges as it relies solely on observational data. A central concern in this context is ensuring the safety of the learned policy by quantifying uncertainties associated with various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xiaocong Chen , Siyu Wang , Tong Yu , Lina Yao

Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning from Internal Feedback (RLIF) has emerged as a promising paradigm for eliciting the latent capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without external supervision. However, current methods rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruishuo Chen , Yu Chen , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Generative models, particularly diffusion models, have achieved remarkable success in density estimation for multimodal data, drawing significant interest from the reinforcement learning (RL) community, especially in policy modeling in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jinouwen Zhang , Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Yun Chen , Jing Yang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

We propose DiFFPO, Diffusion Fast and Furious Policy Optimization, a unified framework for training masked diffusion large language models (dLLMs) to reason not only better (furious), but also faster via reinforcement learning (RL). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hanyang Zhao , Dawen Liang , Wenpin Tang , David Yao , Nathan Kallus

We provide a theoretical analysis for end-to-end training Discrete Flow Matching (DFM) generative models. DFM is a promising discrete generative modeling framework that learns the underlying generative dynamics by training a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Maojiang Su , Mingcheng Lu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Shang Wu , Zhao Song , Alex Reneau , Han Liu

Diffusion models have recently shown promise in offline RL. However, these methods often suffer from high training costs and slow convergence, particularly when using transformer-based denoising backbones. While several optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zhiying Qiu , Tao Lin

Diffusion and flow-matching models scale because pretraining is supervised regression: a clean sample is noised analytically, and a model regresses against a closed-form target. RL post-training aligns the model with a reward. In image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Andreas Bergmeister , Stefanie Jegelka , Nikolas Nüsken , Carles Domingo-Enrich , Jakiw Pidstrigach

Diffusion models have garnered widespread attention in Reinforcement Learning (RL) for their powerful expressiveness and multimodality. It has been verified that utilizing diffusion policies can significantly improve the performance of RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shutong Ding , Ke Hu , Zhenhao Zhang , Kan Ren , Weinan Zhang , Jingyi Yu , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) framework for the dynamic selection of the filter parameter in Evolve-Filter (EF) regularization strategies for incompressible turbulent flows. Instead of prescribing the filter radius heuristically,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Anna Ivagnes , Maria Strazzullo , Gianluigi Rozza