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An ideal embodied agent should possess lifelong learning capabilities to handle long-horizon and complex tasks, enabling continuous operation in general environments. This not only requires the agent to accurately accomplish given tasks but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Sen Wang , Bangwei Liu , Zhenkun Gao , Lizhuang Ma , Xuhong Wang , Yuan Xie , Xin Tan

Although numerous strategies have recently been proposed to enhance the autonomous interaction capabilities of multimodal agents in graphical user interface (GUI), their reliability remains limited when faced with complex or out-of-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Pengzhou Cheng , Lingzhong Dong , Zeng Wu , Zongru Wu , Xiangru Tang , Chengwei Qin , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a landmark achievement in Artificial Intelligence (AI), demonstrating unprecedented proficiency in procedural tasks such as text generation, code completion, and conversational coherence. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Schaun Wheeler , Olivier Jeunen

Multi-agent systems built on Large Language Models (LLMs) show exceptional promise for complex collaborative problem-solving, yet they face fundamental challenges stemming from context window limitations that impair memory consistency, role…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sizhe Yuen , Francisco Gomez Medina , Ting Su , Yali Du , Adam J. Sobey

Long-term memory systems enable conversational agents based on large language models (LLMs) to retain, retrieve, and apply user-specific information across multi-session interactions. However, existing evaluations mainly assess…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhen Tao , Jinxiang Zhao , Peng Liu , Dinghao Xi , Yanfang Chen , Wei Xu , Zhiyu Li

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) represent a breakthrough in AI problem-solving capabilities, but their effectiveness in interactive environments can be limited. This paper introduces and analyzes overthinking in LRMs. A phenomenon where…

While agent evaluation has shifted toward long-horizon tasks, most benchmarks still emphasize local, step-level reasoning rather than the global constrained optimization (e.g., time and financial budgets) that demands genuine planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yinger Zhang , Shutong Jiang , Renhao Li , Jianhong Tu , Yang Su , Lianghao Deng , Xudong Guo , Chenxu Lv , Junyang Lin

The transition from stateless language model inference to persistent, multi session autonomous agents has revealed memory to be a primary architectural bottleneck in the deployment of production grade agentic systems. Existing methodologies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Seyed Moein Abtahi , Rasa Rahnema , Hetkumar Patel , Neel Patel , Majid Fekri , Tara Khani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning abilities, but struggle with temporal understanding, especially when questions involve multiple entities, compound operators, and evolving event sequences. Temporal Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Liming Zhu , Wenjie Zhang

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled instruction-conditioned robotic systems with improved generalization. However, most existing work focuses on reactive System 1 policies, underutilizing VLMs' strengths in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Songhao Han , Boxiang Qiu , Yue Liao , Siyuan Huang , Chen Gao , Shuicheng Yan , Si Liu

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in user-facing applications require long-horizon consistency: the ability to remember prior interactions, respect user preferences, and ground reasoning in past events. However, contemporary memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daivik Patel , Shrenik Patel

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly advanced GUI agents, yet long-horizon automation remains constrained by two critical bottlenecks: context overload from raw sequential trajectory dependence and architectural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Weihua Cheng , Junming Liu , Yifei Sun , Botian Shi , Yirong Chen , Ding Wang

Recent research developing neural network architectures with external memory have often used the benchmark bAbI question and answering dataset which provides a challenging number of tasks requiring reasoning. Here we employed a classic…

Large language models (LLMs) and small language models (SLMs) operate under strict context window and key-value (KV) cache constraints, fundamentally limiting their ability to reason coherently over long interaction horizons. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Sasank Annapureddy , John Mulcahy , Anjaneya Prasad Thamatani

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced in large strides due to the effectiveness of the self-attention mechanism that processes and compares all tokens at once. However, this mechanism comes with a fundamental issue -- the predetermined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Howard Chen , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Jason Weston , Asli Celikyilmaz

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

Memory is a fundamental component for enabling long-context LLM agents, supporting persistent state across interactions through a continuous serve-and-update lifecycle. Despite substantial prior work, existing systems suffer from…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Han Chen , Zining Zhang , Wenqi Pei , Bingsheng He , Ming Wu , Jason Zeng , Michael Heinrich , Wei Wu , Hongbao Zhang

Long-term memory is essential for natural, realistic dialogue. However, current large language model (LLM) memory systems rely on either brute-force context expansion or static retrieval pipelines that fail on edge-constrained devices. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Jonelagadda , Christina Hahn , Haoze Zheng , Salvatore Penachio

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate in settings where a single context window is far too small to capture what has happened, what was learned, and what should not be repeated. Memory -- the ability to persist, organize,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pengfei Du

A major challenge for world models in multi-agent systems is to understand interdependent agent dynamics, predict interactive multi-agent trajectories, and plan over long horizons with collective awareness, without centralized supervision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Lingyi Wang , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishna
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