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The ability to understand and answer questions over documents can be useful in many business and practical applications. However, documents often contain lengthy and diverse multimodal contents such as texts, figures, and tables, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yew Ken Chia , Liying Cheng , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Maojia Song , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Soujanya Poria , Lidong Bing

Collecting API examples, usages, and mentions relevant to a specific API method over discussions on venues such as Stack Overflow is not a trivial problem. It requires efforts to correctly recognize whether the discussion refers to the API…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Kien Luong , Mohammad Hadi , Ferdian Thung , Fatemeh Fard , David Lo

Background: Good API documentation facilities the development process, improving productivity and quality. While the topic of API documentation quality has been of interest for the last two decades, there have been few studies to map the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Alex Cummaudo , Rajesh Vasa , John Grundy

Recent availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of numerous LLM-based approaches aimed at providing natural language interfaces for various end-user tasks. These end-user tasks in turn can typically be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sudhir Agarwal , Anu Sreepathy , David H. Alonso , Prarit Lamba

Workflow automation promises substantial productivity gains in everyday document-related tasks. While prior agentic systems can execute isolated instructions, they struggle with automating multi-step, session-level workflows due to limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yanbin Zhang , Hanhui Ye , Yue Bai , Qiming Zhang , Liao Xiang , Wu Mianzhi , Renjun Hu

We study the problem of completing various visual document understanding (VDU) tasks, e.g., question answering and information extraction, on real-world documents through human-written instructions. To this end, we propose InstructDoc, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Ryota Tanaka , Taichi Iki , Kyosuke Nishida , Kuniko Saito , Jun Suzuki

Nowadays, developers often turn to Stack Overflow for solutions to daily problems, however, these code snippets are partial code that cannot be tested and verified properly. One way to test these code snippets is to transform them into APIs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yubo Mai , Zhipeng Gao , Xing Hu , Lingfeng Bao , Jingyuan Chen , Jianling Sun

The performance of automatic code documentation generation models depends critically on the quality of the training data used for supervision. However, most existing code documentation datasets are constructed through large scale scraping…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Recep Kaan Karaman , Meftun Akarsu

Digital tool-based agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), that invoke external Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) often rely on documentation to understand API functionality. However, such documentation is frequently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Bhrij Patel , Ashish Jagmohan , Aditya Vempaty

Inline comments in the source code facilitate easy comprehension, reusability, and enhanced readability. However, code snippets in answers on Q&A sites like Stack Overflow (SO) often lack comments because answerers volunteer their time and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Suborno Deb Bappon , Saikat Mondal , Banani Roy

Optimizing and maintaining up-to-date API documentation is a challenging problem for evolving OpenAPIs. In this poster, we propose a data-driven continuous optimization solution and multilingual SDK generation scheme to improve the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Shujun Wang , Yongqiang Tian , Dengcheng He

Web API specifications are machine-readable descriptions of APIs. These specifications, in combination with related tooling, simplify and support the consumption of APIs. However, despite the increased distribution of web APIs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Jinqiu Yang , Erik Wittern , Annie T. T. Ying , Julian Dolby , Lin Tan

AI agents and business automation tools interacting with external web services require standardized, machine-readable information about their APIs in the form of API specifications. However, the information about APIs available online is…

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), their applications have expanded into diverse fields, such as code assistance. However, the substantial size of LLMs makes their training highly resource- and time-intensive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Weiheng Bai , Keyang Xuan , Pengxiang Huang , Qiushi Wu , Jianing Wen , Jingjing Wu , Kangjie Lu

In this study, we address the issue of API hallucinations in various software engineering contexts. We introduce CloudAPIBench, a new benchmark designed to measure API hallucination occurrences. CloudAPIBench also provides annotations for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Nihal Jain , Robert Kwiatkowski , Baishakhi Ray , Murali Krishna Ramanathan , Varun Kumar

Onboarding documentation is critical for attracting and retaining newcomers in open source software (OSS). However, it is often presented as dense, inconsistently structured, and fragmented presentations that are difficult to understand,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zixuan Feng , Prashant Tandan , Igor Steinmacher , Marco Aurelio Gerosa , Anita Sarma

In the digital era, the widespread use of APIs is evident. However, scalable utilization of APIs poses a challenge due to structure divergence observed in online API documentation. This underscores the need for automatic tools to facilitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Koren Lazar , Matan Vetzler , Guy Uziel , David Boaz , Esther Goldbraich , David Amid , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

REST APIs are prevalent among web service implementations, easing interoperability through the HTTP protocol. API testers and users exploit the widely adopted OpenAPI Specification (OAS), a machine-readable standard to document REST APIs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Alix Decrop , Xavier Devroey , Mike Papadakis , Pierre-Yves Schobbens , Gilles Perrouin

The learning and usage of an API is supported by official documentation. Like source code, API documentation is itself a software product. Several research results show that bad design in API documentation can make the reuse of API features…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Junaed Younus Khan , Md. Tawkat Islam Khondaker , Gias Uddin , Anindya Iqbal