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In this study, we have developed a dynamic asset allocation investment strategy using reinforcement learning techniques. To begin with, we have addressed the crucial issue of incorporating non-stationarity of financial time series data into…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-10 Yasuhiro Nakayama , Tomochika Sawaki

Financial trading has been widely analyzed for decades with market participants and academics always looking for advanced methods to improve trading performance. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), a recently reinvigorated method with…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-06-17 Ali Hirsa , Joerg Osterrieder , Branka Hadji-Misheva , Jan-Alexander Posth

Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are widely used to solve multi-objective optimization problems. The algorithms rely on setting appropriate parameters to find good solutions. However, this parameter tuning could be very…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Remco Coppens , Robbert Reijnen , Yingqian Zhang , Laurens Bliek , Berend Steenhuisen

Deep Learning (DL) techniques are now widespread and being integrated into many important systems. Their classification and recognition abilities ensure their relevance for multiple application domains. As machine-learning that relies on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Gaetan J. D. R. Hains , Arvid Jakobsson , Youry Khmelevsky

Can an asset manager plan the optimal timing for her/his hedging strategies given market conditions? The standard approach based on Markowitz or other more or less sophisticated financial rules aims to find the best portfolio allocation…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-11-10 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay

This paper presents an augmented deep factor model that generates latent factors for cross-sectional asset pricing. The conventional security sorting on firm characteristics for constructing long-short factor portfolio weights is nonlinear…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-11 Guanhao Feng , Jingyu He , Nicholas G. Polson , Jianeng Xu

This paper introduces a hybrid framework for portfolio optimization that fuses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) forecasting with a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) reinforcement learning strategy. The proposed system leverages the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Kevin , Pujianto Yugopuspito

While time series momentum is a well-studied phenomenon in finance, common strategies require the explicit definition of both a trend estimator and a position sizing rule. In this paper, we introduce Deep Momentum Networks -- a hybrid…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-29 Bryan Lim , Stefan Zohren , Stephen Roberts

This study enhances a Deep Q-Network (DQN) trading model by incorporating advanced techniques like Prioritized Experience Replay, Regularized Q-Learning, Noisy Networks, Dueling, and Double DQN. Extensive tests on assets like BTC/USD and…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-11-21 Gang Hu

Building the future profit and loss (P&L) distribution of a portfolio holding, among other assets, highly non-linear and path-dependent derivatives is a challenging task. We provide a simple machinery where more and more assets could be…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-28 Pietro Rossi , Flavio Cocco , Giacomo Bormetti

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has reached super human levels in complex tasks like game solving (Go and autonomous driving). However, it remains an open question whether DRL can reach human level in applications to financial problems…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-11-10 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Jean-Jacques Ohana , Jamal Atif

In this article we review computational aspects of Deep Learning (DL). Deep learning uses network architectures consisting of hierarchical layers of latent variables to construct predictors for high-dimensional input-output models. Training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Nicholas Polson , Vadim Sokolov

Deep Learning (DL) has been widely adopted in diverse industrial domains, including autonomous driving, intelligent healthcare, and aided programming. Like traditional software, DL systems are also prone to faults, whose malfunctioning may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Hanmo You , Zan Wang , Zishuo Dong , Luanqi Mo , Jianjun Zhao , Junjie Chen

Recently, reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable results in various domains, including robotics, games, natural language processing, and finance. In the financial domain, this approach has been applied to tasks such as portfolio…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-07 Caio de Souza Barbosa Costa , Anna Helena Reali Costa

Portfolio allocation is crucial for investment companies. However, getting the best strategy in a complex and dynamic stock market is challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel Adaptive Deep Deterministic Reinforcement Learning scheme…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-07-03 Xinyi Li , Yinchuan Li , Yuancheng Zhan , Xiao-Yang Liu

This systematic review examines how machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have transformed forecasting, decision-making, and financial modelling, promoting innovation and efficiency in financial systems. Following PRISMA 2020…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Soufiane El Amine El Alami , Abderazzak Mouiha , Abdelatif Hafid , Ahmed El Hilali Alaoui

The current expansion of theory and research on artificial intelligence in management and organization studies has revitalized the theory and research on decision-making in organizations. In particular, recent advances in deep learning (DL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Yash Raj Shrestha , Vaibhav Krishna , Georg von Krogh

Can an agent learn efficiently in a noisy and self adapting environment with sequential, non-stationary and non-homogeneous observations? Through trading bots, we illustrate how Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) can tackle this challenge.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay , Jamal Atif

This paper explores the mean-variance portfolio selection problem in a multi-period financial market characterized by regime-switching dynamics and uncontrollable liabilities. To address the uncertainty in the decision-making process within…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Zhongqin Gao , Ping Chen , Xun Li , Yan Lv , Wenhao Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) aims to create intelligent agents that can learn to solve complex problems efficiently in a real-world environment. Typically, two learning goals: adaptation and generalization are used for baselining DRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Pamul Yadav , Ashutosh Mishra , Junyong Lee , Shiho Kim