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Adapting general large language models (LLMs) to specialized domains presents great challenges due to varied data distributions. This adaptation typically requires continual pre-training on massive domain-specific corpora to facilitate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jinhao Jiang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yang Song , Tao Zhang , Ji-Rong Wen

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance performance by selectively engaging specialized subnetworks or "experts" for each input. However, deploying MoEs on memory-constrained devices remains…

LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) has emerged as a preferred method for efficiently adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable simplicity and efficacy. This note extends the original LoRA paper by offering new perspectives that were not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vlad Fomenko , Han Yu , Jongho Lee , Stanley Hsieh , Weizhu Chen

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is one of the most widely used techniques for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). By introducing a small number of trainable low-rank weight matrices, LoRA substantially reduces the number of parameters that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Seokmin Ko

As a parameter efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method, low-rank adaptation (LoRA) can save significant costs in storage and computing, but its strong adaptability to a single task is often accompanied by insufficient cross-task generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Shaoheng Wang , Yao Lu , Yuqi Li , Yaxin Gao , Jiaqi Nie , Shanqing Yu , Yingli Tian , Qi Xuan

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

Effective instruction fine-tuning on diverse image-text datasets is crucial for developing a versatile Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM), where dataset composition dictates the model's adaptability across multimodal tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Xuyang Wei , Chunlin Tian , Li Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved exceptional performance across diverse domains through training on massive datasets. However, scaling LLMs to support multiple downstream domain applications remains a significant challenge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shaomang Huang , Jianfeng Pan , Min Peng , Hanzhong Zheng

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks has made them crucial in the development of AI-based applications. However, the high computational requirements to fine-tune these LLMs on downstream tasks pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Raul Singh , Nicolo Brunello , Vincenzo Scotti , Mark James Carman

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models organize knowledge into explicitly routed expert modules, making expert-level representations traceable and analyzable. By analyzing expert activation patterns in MoE large language models (LLMs), we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chang Liu , Boyu Shi , Xu Yang , Xin Geng

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but are primarily trained on text data, limiting their application scope. Expanding LLM capabilities to include vision-language understanding is vital, yet training them on multimodal data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shanshan Zhong , Shanghua Gao , Zhongzhan Huang , Wushao Wen , Marinka Zitnik , Pan Zhou

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), offer an efficient way to adapt large language models with reduced computational costs. However, their performance is limited by the small number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hengyuan Zhang , Xinrong Chen , Yingmin Qiu , Xiao Liang , Ziyue Li , Guanyu Wang , Weiping Li , Tong Mo , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ngai Wong

While large language models (LLMs) excel on generation tasks, their decoder-only architecture often limits their potential as embedding models if no further representation finetuning is applied. Does this contradict their claim of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ziyue Li , Tianyi Zhou

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a popular technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). We study how different LoRA modules can be merged to achieve skill composition -- testing the performance of the merged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Akshara Prabhakar , Yuanzhi Li , Karthik Narasimhan , Sham Kakade , Eran Malach , Samy Jelassi

Expert parallelism is vital for effectively training Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, enabling different devices to host distinct experts, with each device processing different input data. However, during expert parallel training, dynamic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xinyi Liu , Yujie Wang , Fangcheng Fu , Xuefeng Xiao , Huixia Li , Jiashi Li , Bin Cui

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into healthcare to address complex inquiries, ensuring their reliability remains a critical challenge. Recent studies have highlighted that generic LLMs often struggle in clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Bian Sun , Zhenjian Wang , Orvill de la Torre , Zirui Wang

Although large language models (LLMs) perform well in general tasks, domain-specific applications suffer from hallucinations and accuracy limitations. Continual Pre-Training (CPT) approaches encounter two key issues: (1) domain-biased data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingxue Chen , Qingkun Tang , Qianchun Lu , Siyuan Fang

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that domain-adapted large language models (LLMs) do not consistently outperform general-purpose counterparts on standard medical benchmarks, raising questions about the need for specialized clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ane G. Domingo-Aldama , Iker De La Iglesia , Maitane Urruela , Aitziber Atutxa , Ander Barrena

Efficiently updating Large Language Models (LLMs) with new or evolving factual knowledge remains a central challenge, as even parameter-efficient adaptation can erode previously acquired reasoning abilities. This tension reflects a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mustafa Hayri Bilgin , Mariam Barry , Albert Bifet , Azzedine Idir Ait Said , Soumya Banerjee

Adapting Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to real-world scenarios poses the dual challenges of learning from sequential data streams while handling frequent modality incompleteness, a task known as Continual Missing Modality Learning (CMML).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiwei Liu , Yulong Li , Feilong Tang , Imran Razzak