Related papers: Patterned Numbers: A Novel Number Classification w…
We define an extension of parity from the integers to the rational numbers. Three parity classes are found -- even, odd and `none'. Using the 2-adic valuation, we partition the rationals into subgroups with a rich algebraic structure. The…
Generalizations of linear numeration systems in which the set of natural numbers is recognizable by finite automata are obtained by describing an arbitrary infinite regular language following the lexicographic ordering. For these systems of…
This note considers linear recurrences (also called linear difference equations) in unknowns indexed by the integers. We characterize a unique \emph{reduced} linear recurrence with the same solutions as a given linear recurrence, and…
A Generalized Numeration Base is defined in this paper, and then particular cases are presented, such as Prime Base, Square Base, m-Power Base, Factorial Base, and operations in these bases. These bases are important for partitions of…
The objective of this paper is to introduce an approach to the study of the nonasymptotic distribution of prime numbers. The natural numbers are represented by theorem 1 in the matrix form ^2N. The first column of the infinite matrix ^2N…
This paper presents and analysis the common existing sequential pattern mining algorithms. It presents a classifying study of sequential pattern-mining algorithms into five extensive classes. First, on the basis of Apriori-based algorithm,…
In this paper we review the properties of families of numbers of the form $6n\pm1$, with $n$ integer (in which there are all prime numbers greater than 3 and other compound numbers with particular properties) to later use them in a new…
We provide a setting-independent definition of reals by introducing the notion of a streak. We show that various standard constructions of reals satisfy our definition. We study the structure of reals by noting that its pieces correspond to…
This paper formalizes a latent variable inference problem we call {\em supervised pattern discovery}, the goal of which is to find sets of observations that belong to a single ``pattern.'' We discuss two versions of the problem and prove…
Let $b \geq 3$ be a positive integer. A natural number is said to be a base-$b$ Zuckerman number if it is divisible by the product of its base-$b$ digits. Let $\mathcal{Z}_b(x)$ be the set of base-$b$ Zuckerman numbers that do not exceed…
By the theory of elliptic curves, we study the integers representable as the product of the sum of four integers with the sum of their reciprocals and give a sufficient condition for the integers with a positive representation.
It is proved that the numerical semigroups associated to the combinatorial configurations satisfy a family of non-linear symmetric patterns. Also, these numerical semigroups are studied for two particular classes of combinatorial…
We propose new concepts in order to analyze and model the dependence structure between two time series. Our methods rely exclusively on the order structure of the data points. Hence, the methods are stable under monotone transformations of…
Checkered patterns are characterized by their square structure and the use of only two distinct colors. These colors are typically represented by two types of numerical sets: {1,0} and {1,-1}. Matrices based on {1,0} may seem identical to…
Place value numbers, such as the binary or decimal numbers can be represented by the end vertices (leaf or pendant vertices) of rooted symmetrical trees. Numbers that consist of at most a fixed number of digits are represented by vertices…
Integer arithmetic is specified according to three views: unary, binary, and decimal notation. The binary and decimal view have as their characteristic that each normal form resembles common number notation, that is, either a digit, or a…
Let $m>1$ and $\mathfrak{d} \neq 0$ be integers such that $v_{p}(\mathfrak{d}) \neq m$ for any prime $p$. We construct a matrix $A(\mathfrak{d})$ of size $(m-1) \times (m-1)$ depending on only of $\mathfrak{d}$ with the following property:…
Quantum hypothesis testing is one of the most fundamental problems in quantum information theory, with crucial implications in areas like quantum sensing, where it has been used to prove quantum advantage in a series of binary photonic…
A new definition of a real number is that it is a rule which says Yes or No based on whether the real number ought to be in a given rational interval. This is a teaser paper for formalizing, exploring, and generalizing this definition. The…
Many problems can be specified by patterns of propositional formulae depending on a parameter, e.g. the specification of a circuit usually depends on the number of bits of its input. We define a logic whose formulae, called "iterated…