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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly focused on "reasoning" ability, a concept with many overlapping definitions in the LLM discourse. We take a more structured approach, distinguishing meta-level reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nick Ferguson , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the boundaries of natural language processing, especially in long-context understanding. However, the evaluation of these models' long-context abilities remains a challenge due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Cunxiang Wang , Ruoxi Ning , Boqi Pan , Tonghui Wu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Guangsheng Bao , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Qian Wang , Yue Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) excel at many general-purpose natural language processing tasks. However, their ability to perform deep reasoning and mathematical analysis, particularly for complex tasks as required in cryptography, remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Mayar Elfares , Pascal Reisert , Tilman Dietz , Manpa Barman , Ahmed Zaki , Ralf Küsters , Andreas Bulling

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in code generation, achieving impressive capabilities in synthesizing code snippets from natural language instructions. However, a critical challenge remains in ensuring LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jian Yang , Wei Zhang , Yizhi Li , Shawn Guo , Haowen Wang , Aishan Liu , Ge Zhang , Zili Wang , Zhoujun Li , Xianglong Liu , Weifeng Lv

Machine reading is a fundamental task for testing the capability of natural language understanding, which is closely related to human cognition in many aspects. With the rising of deep learning techniques, algorithmic models rival human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Jian Liu , Leyang Cui , Hanmeng Liu , Dandan Huang , Yile Wang , Yue Zhang

While question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) has shown progress in addressing factoid questions, KBQA with numerical reasoning remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we focus on the complex numerical reasoning in KBQA and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Xiang Huang , Sitao Cheng , Yuheng Bao , Shanshan Huang , Yuzhong Qu

While large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on diverse tasks, their trustworthiness is limited by erratic behavior that is unfaithful to their internal knowledge. In particular, LLMs often fail on multiple-choice questions (MCQs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yoonah Park , Haesung Pyun , Yohan Jo

Temporal reasoning is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to comprehend the real world. However, existing works neglect the real-world challenges for temporal reasoning: (1) intensive temporal information, (2) fast-changing event…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Shaohang Wei , Wei Li , Feifan Song , Wen Luo , Tianyi Zhuang , Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Houfeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in Open-domain question answering (ODQA), yet most evaluations focus on English and assume locale-invariant answers across languages. This assumption neglects the cultural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Keon-Woo Roh , Yeong-Joon Ju , Seong-Whan Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) face challenges in knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks like classic multi-hop question and answering, which involves reasoning across multiple facts. This difficulty arises because the chain of thoughts (CoTs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Nan Wang , Yongqi Fan , yansha zhu , ZongYu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xinyan He , Haiyun Jiang , Tong Ruan , Jingping Liu

Hallucination, a phenomenon where multimodal large language models~(MLLMs) tend to generate textual responses that are plausible but unaligned with the image, has become one major hurdle in various MLLM-related applications. Several…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Han Qiu , Jiaxing Huang , Peng Gao , Qin Qi , Xiaoqin Zhang , Ling Shao , Shijian Lu

It is very challenging to curate a dataset for language-specific knowledge and common sense in order to evaluate natural language understanding capabilities of language models. Due to the limitation in the availability of annotators, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yusuke Sakai , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on complex mathematical benchmarks yet sometimes fail on basic math reasoning while generating unnecessarily verbose responses. In this paper, we present LLMThinkBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Sriram Srinivasan , Xuan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to cybersecurity question answering (QA) for critical tasks such as incident response and vulnerability analysis. However, real-world operational contexts, including system logs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matilda Gaddi , Jin Noh , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

Reliable causal inference is essential for making decisions in high-stakes areas like medicine, economics, and public policy. However, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) can handle rigorous and trustworthy statistical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jin Du , Li Chen , Xun Xian , An Luo , Fangqiao Tian , Ganghua Wang , Charles Doss , Xiaotong Shen , Jie Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve strong performance on everyday coding tasks, but they can fail on complex tasks that require non-trivial reasoning about program semantics. Finding training examples to teach LLMs to solve these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Vaishak Belle , Ali Payani

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications especially when augmented by external knowledge through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). Despite their widespread adoption, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Tianzhe Zhao , Jiaoyan Chen , Shuxiu Zhang , Haiping Zhu , Qika Lin , Jun Liu

Existing automatic scientific question generation studies mainly focus on single-document factoid QA, overlooking the inter-document reasoning crucial for scientific understanding. We present AIM-SciQA, an automated framework for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Seungmin Lee , Dongha Kim , Yuni Jeon , Junyoung Koh , Min Song

With the rise of large-scale language models (LLMs), it is currently popular and effective to convert multimodal information into text descriptions for multimodal multi-hop question answering. However, we argue that the current methods of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Qing Zhang , Haocheng Lv , Jie Liu , Zhiyun Chen , Jianyong Duan , Hao Wang , Li He , Mingying Xv

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly popularized in the multilingual world, ensuring hallucination-free factuality becomes markedly crucial. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating the reliability of Multimodal Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yexing Du , Kaiyuan Liu , Youcheng Pan , Zheng Chu , Bo Yang , Xiaocheng Feng , Ming Liu , Yang Xiang
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