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We propose a two-sample testing procedure based on learned deep neural network representations. To this end, we define two test statistics that perform an asymptotic location test on data samples mapped onto a hidden layer. The tests are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-11 Matthias Kirchler , Shahryar Khorasani , Marius Kloft , Christoph Lippert

Several studies indicate that deep learning models can learn to detect breast cancer from mammograms (X-ray images of the breasts). However, challenges with overfitting and poor generalisability prevent their routine use in the clinic.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-05 Emir Ahmed , Spencer A. Thomas , Ciaran Bench

Testing composite null hypotheses arises in various applications, such as mediation and replicability analyses. The problem becomes more challenging in high-throughput experiments where tens of thousands of features are examined…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-29 Pengfei Lyu , Xianyang Zhang , Hongyuan Cao

We develop a new rank-based approach for univariate two-sample testing in the presence of missing data which makes no assumptions about the missingness mechanism. This approach is a theoretical extension of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-25 Yijin Zeng , Niall M. Adams , Dean A. Bodenham

We derive a new class of statistical tests for generalized linear models based on thresholding point estimators. These tests can be employed whether the model includes more parameters than observations or not. For linear models, our tests…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-03-14 Sylvain Sardy , Caroline Giacobino , Jairo Diaz-Rodriguez

Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning is widely used in many applications, where a binary classifier is trained on the datasets consisting of only positive and unlabeled samples. In this paper, we improve PU learning over state-of-the-art from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Liwei Jiang , Dan Li , Qisheng Wang , Shuai Wang , Songtao Wang

Imperfect labels are ubiquitous in real-world datasets. Several recent successful methods for training deep neural networks (DNNs) robust to label noise have used two primary techniques: filtering samples based on loss during a warm-up…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Kento Nishi , Yi Ding , Alex Rich , Tobias Höllerer

The use of weights provides an effective strategy to incorporate prior domain knowledge in large-scale inference. This paper studies weighted multiple testing in a decision-theoretic framework. We develop oracle and data-driven procedures…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-10 Pallavi Basu , T. Tony Cai , Kiranmoy Das , Wenguang Sun

How can we find a general way to choose the most suitable samples for training a classifier? Even with very limited prior information? Active learning, which can be regarded as an iterative optimization procedure, plays a key role to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Bo Du , Zengmao Wang , Lefei Zhang , Liangpei Zhang , Wei Liu , Jialie Shen , Dacheng Tao

MixUp is an effective data augmentation method to regularize deep neural networks via random linear interpolations between pairs of samples and their labels. It plays an important role in model regularization, semi-supervised learning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-28 Zhijun Mai , Guosheng Hu , Dexiong Chen , Fumin Shen , Heng Tao Shen

The reusability of state-of-the-art Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) is often limited by their generalization problem, where their performance drastically decreases when evaluated on examples that differ from the training dataset, known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Somayeh Ghanbarzadeh , Hamid Palangi , Yan Huang , Radames Cruz Moreno , Hamed Khanpour

Image segmentation methods are usually trained with pixel-level annotations, which require significant human effort to collect. The most common solution to address this constraint is to implement weakly-supervised pipelines trained with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Miriam Bellver , Amaia Salvador , Jordi Torres , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

The goal of mediation analysis is to study the effect of exposure on an outcome interceded by a mediator. Two simple hypotheses are tested: the effect of the exposure on the mediator, and the effect of the mediator on the outcome. When…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-01 Yotam Leibovici , Yair Goldberg

One strategy to scale up ML-driven science is to increase wet lab experiments' information density. We present a method based on a neural extension of compressed sensing to function space. We measure the activity of multiple different…

Mediation analysis aims to assess if, and how, a certain exposure influences an outcome of interest through intermediate variables. This problem has recently gained a surge of attention due to the tremendous need for such analyses in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-19 He Yinqiu , Song Peter X. -K. , Xu Gongjun

Multimodal learning seeks to combine data from multiple input sources to enhance the performance of different downstream tasks. In real-world scenarios, performance can degrade substantially if some input modalities are missing. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Niki Nezakati , Md Kaykobad Reza , Ameya Patil , Mashhour Solh , M. Salman Asif

Testing large covariance matrices is of fundamental importance in statistical analysis with high-dimensional data. In the past decade, three types of test statistics have been studied in the literature: quadratic form statistics, maximum…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Xiufan Yu , Danning Li , Lingzhou Xue

Most normality tests in the literature are performed for scalar and independent samples. Thus, they become unreliable when applied to colored processes, hampering their use in realistic scenarios.We focus on Mardia's multivariate kurtosis,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-02 Sara Elbouch , Olivier Michel , Pierre Comon

Mixed Sample Data Augmentation (MSDA) has received increasing attention in recent years, with many successful variants such as MixUp and CutMix. By studying the mutual information between the function learned by a VAE on the original data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Ethan Harris , Antonia Marcu , Matthew Painter , Mahesan Niranjan , Adam Prügel-Bennett , Jonathon Hare

Deep neural networks have amply demonstrated their prowess but estimating the reliability of their predictions remains challenging. Deep Ensembles are widely considered as being one of the best methods for generating uncertainty estimates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Nikita Durasov , Timur Bagautdinov , Pierre Baque , Pascal Fua