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Gravitational waves (GWs) have a great potential to probe cosmology. We review early universe sources that can lead to cosmological backgrounds of GWs. We begin by presenting definitions of GWs in flat space-time and in a cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-23 Chiara Caprini , Daniel G. Figueroa

The stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background is secondarily and inevitably induced by the primordial curvature perturbations beyond the first order of the cosmological perturbation theory. We analytically calculate the integration…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-15 Takahiro Terada

The energy density of relic gravitational waves (GWs) emitted by primordial black holes (PBHs) is calculated. We estimate the intensity of GWs produced at quantum and classical scattering of PBHs, the classical graviton emission from the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-19 Alexander D. Dolgov , Damian Ejlli

With the detection of gravitational waves (GW) in recent years, many papers that use simulated GW datasets to constrain dark energy models have been published. However, these works generally consider GW generated by massive astrophysical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-25 Sandro M. R. Micheletti

Cosmological perturbations, originating in the quantum fluctuations of the fields that drive inflation, are observed to be nearly scale invariant at the largest scales. At smaller scales, however, perturbations are not severely constrained…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-09 Ioannis Dalianis

We devise a novel mechanism and for the first time demonstrate that the Higgs model in particle physics can drive the inflation to satisfy the cosmic microwave background observations and simultaneously enhance the curvature perturbations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-07 Zhu Yi , Yungui Gong , Bin Wang , Zong-hong Zhu

We investigate the gravitational wave background induced by the first order scalar perturbations in the curvaton models. We consider the quadratic and axion-like curvaton potential which can generate the blue-tilted power spectrum of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-09 Masahiro Kawasaki , Naoya Kitajima , Shuichiro Yokoyama

Primordial scalar perturbations that reenter the horizon after inflation may induce a second-order Gravitational Wave spectrum with information about the primordial Universe on scales inaccessible to Cosmic Microwave Background experiments.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-16 Samuel Sánchez López , José Jaime Terente Díaz

In this paper, we investigate scalar-induced gravitational waves (GWs) generated in the post-inflationary universe to infer new limits on warm inflation. We specifically examine the evolution of primordial GWs by scalar perturbations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-26 Rocco D'Agostino , Matteo Califano

Recent observations of Gravitational Waves (GW) generated by black-hole collisions have opened a new window to explore the universe in diverse scales. Detection of primordial gravitational waves is expected to happen in the next years.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-05 Luis Santiago Ridao , Marcos Ramiro Alfredo Arcodíia , Jesús Martín Romero , Mauricio Bellini

We provide a review on the state-of-the-art of gravitational waves induced by primordial fluctuations, so-called induced gravitational waves. We present the intuitive physics behind induced gravitational waves and we revisit and unify the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-08 Guillem Domènech

Assuming that inflation is succeeded by a phase of matter domination, which corresponds to a low temperature of reheating $T_r<10^9\rm{GeV}$, we evaluate the spectra of gravitational waves induced in the post-inflationary universe. We work…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Laila Alabidi , Kazunori Kohri , Misao Sasaki , Yuuiti Sendouda

We investigate in detail the spectrum of gravitational waves induced by a peaked primordial curvature power spectrum generated in single field inflationary models. We argue that the $f_{\rm NL}$ parameter can be inferred by measuring the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-15 Vicente Atal , Guillem Domènech

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can answer a plethora of cosmic conundra, among which the origin of the cosmic magnetic fields. In particular, supermassive PBHs with masses $M_\mathrm{PBH}>10^{10} M_\odot$ and furnished with a plasma-disk…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-14 Theodoros Papanikolaou , Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos

We investigate the prospects of detecting a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background from the primordial black hole (PBH) reheating epoch. If PBHs form during a non-standard cosmological phase prior to the radiation-dominated era, they…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-03 Debarun Paul , Md Riajul Haque , Supratik Pal

We study the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) from a chiral scalar-tensor theory of gravity. The parity-violating (PV) Lagrangian contains the Chern-Simons (CS) term and PV scalar-tensor terms, which are built of the quadratic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-28 Jia-Xi Feng , Fengge Zhang , Xian Gao

We investigate the generation of gravitational waves due to the gravitational instability of primordial density perturbations in an early matter-dominated era which could be detectable by experiments such as LIGO and LISA. We use…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-15 Hooshyar Assadullahi , David Wands

Gravitational waves (GWs) are useful to test gravitational theories and to probe the physics in the early universe. In this paper, we investigate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in symmetric teleparallel gravity with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-15 Fengge Zhang , Jia-Xi Feng , Xian Gao

One of the fundamental characteristics of slow roll inflation is its generation of tensor perturbations, which manifest as stochastic gravitational waves (GWs). Slow roll inflation results in a nearly scale-invariant GW spectrum that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-02 Suvashis Maity , Md Riajul Haque

The question of whether the parity violation occurs in gravitational interaction has recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we investigate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in symmetric teleparallel gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-21 Fengge Zhang