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Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two parties to establish a secret key over a potentially hostile channel by exchanging photonic quantum states, relying on the fact that it is impossible for an eavesdropper to tap the quantum channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-24 Jacob Mower , F. N. C. Wong , Jeff H. Shapiro , Dirk Englund

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Yonggi Jo , Hee Su Park , Seung-Woo Lee , Wonmin Son

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Here, we present a proof-of-principle high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol utilizing the position and momentum entanglement of photon pairs. The protocol exploits the fact that position and momentum form mutually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Lukas Scarfe , Yingwen Zhang , Ebrahim Karimi

Quantum networks enhance quantum communication schemes and link multiple users over large areas. Harnessing high dimensional quantum states - i.e. qu-d-its - allows for a denser transfer of information with increased robustness to noise…

In a recent quantum key distribution experiment, high-dimensional protocols were used to show an improved noise resistance over a 10.2 km free-space channel. One of the unresolved questions in this context is whether the communicating…

An energy-time entanglement-based dispersive optics quantum key distribution (DO-QKD) is demonstrated experimentally over optical fibers of 20 km. In the experiment, the telecom band energy-time entangled photon pairs are generated through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Xu Liu , Xin Yao , Heqing Wang , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Lixing You , Yidong Huang , Wei Zhang

High-dimensional quantum entanglement can enrich the functionality of quantum information processing. For example, it can enhance the channel capacity for linear optic superdense coding and decrease the error rate threshold of quantum key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Takuya Ikuta , Hiroki Takesue

Time-energy high-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) leverages the high-dimensional nature of time-energy entangled biphotons and the loss tolerance of single-photon detection to achieve long-distance key distribution with high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-24 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Feihu Xu , Fabian Furrer , Jeffrey H. Shapiro

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers higher information capacity and stronger resilience to noise compared to its binary counterpart. However, these advantages are often hindered by the difficulty of realizing the required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Ohad Lib , Kfir Sulimany , Mateus Araújo , Michael Ben-Or , Yaron Bromberg

High-dimensional entanglement promises to greatly enhance the performance of quantum communication and enable quantum advantages unreachable by qubit entanglement. One of the great challenges, however, is the reliable production,…

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new scheme for measuring high-dimensional phase states using a two-photon interference technique, which we refer to as quantum-controlled measurement. Using this scheme, we implement a…

Many quantum key distribution (QKD) implementations using a free space transmission path are restricted to operation at night time in order to distinguish the signal photons used for a secure key establishment from background light. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-17 Matthew P. Peloso , Ilja Gerhardt , Caleb Ho , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution can enable secure communication in trusted node-free networks and over long distances. Although implementations exist both in fiber and in free space, the latter approach is often considered…

High-dimensional photonic entanglement is a promising candidate for error-protected quantum information processing with improved capacity. Encoding high-dimensional qudits in the carrier frequency of photons combines ease of generation,…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) with deterministic single photon sources has been demonstrated over intercity fiber and free-space channels. The previous implementations relied mainly on polarization encoding schemes, which are susceptible…

High-dimensional entanglement offers promising perspectives in quantum information science. In practice, however, the main challenge is to devise efficient methods to characterize high-dimensional entanglement, based on the available…

Efficient generation and high-quality distribution of entanglement is becoming increasingly more relevant in the field of quantum technologies, with important applications such as multiparty computation as well as quantum key distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Martin Achleitner , Alessandro Trenti , Philip Walther , Hannes Hübel

The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-02 S. Etcheverry , G. Cañas , E. S. Gómez , W. A. T. Nogueira , C. Saavedra , G. B. Xavier , G. Lima

Temporal modes of photonic quantum states provide a new framework to develop a robust free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme in a maritime environment. We show that the high-dimensional temporal modes can be used to fulfill a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-09 Quanzhen Ding , Rupak Chatterjee , Yuping Huang , Ting Yu