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Leakage of quantum information out of computational states into higher energy states represents a major challenge in the pursuit of quantum error correction (QEC). In a QEC circuit, leakage builds over time and spreads through multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Kevin C. Miao , Matt McEwen , Juan Atalaya , Dvir Kafri , Leonid P. Pryadko , Andreas Bengtsson , Alex Opremcak , Kevin J. Satzinger , Zijun Chen , Paul V. Klimov , Chris Quintana , Rajeev Acharya , Kyle Anderson , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Joseph C. Bardin , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Juan Campero , Ben Chiaro , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Catherine Erickson , Reza Fatemi , Vinicius S. Ferreira , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , Gonzalo Garcia , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Marissa Giustina , Raja Gosula , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Michael C. Hamilton , Sean D. Harrington , Paula Heu , Jeremy Hilton , Markus R. Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Julian Kelly , Seon Kim , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Lily Laws , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander T. Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Steven Martin , Anthony Megrant , Xiao Mi , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Rebecca Potter , Charles Rocque , Pedram Roushan , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Noah Shutty , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Marco Szalay , Douglas Thor , Alfredo Torres , Theodore White , Bryan W. K. Woo , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Ningfeng Zhu , Nicholas Zobrist , Hartmut Neven , Vadim Smelyanskiy , Andre Petukhov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Daniel Sank , Yu Chen

The rank metric measures the distance between two matrices by the rank of their difference. Codes designed for the rank metric have attracted considerable attention in recent years, reinforced by network coding and further motivated by a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Hannes Bartz , Lukas Holzbaur , Hedongliang Liu , Sven Puchinger , Julian Renner , Antonia Wachter-Zeh

We present a rank metric code-based encryption scheme with key and ciphertext sizes comparable to that of isogeny-based cryptography for an equivalent security level. The system also benefits from efficient encryption and decryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Julien Lavauzelle , Pierre Loidreau , Ba-Duc Pham

Leakage is a particularly damaging error that occurs when a qubit state falls out of its two-level computational subspace. Compared to independent depolarizing noise, leaked qubits may produce many more configurations of harmful correlated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Natalie C. Brown , Michael Newman , Kenneth R. Brown

Over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q^m}$, the evaluation of skew polynomials is intimately related to the evaluation of linearized polynomials. This connection allows one to relate the concept of polynomial independence defined for skew…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Siyu Liu , Felice Manganiello , Frank R. Kschischang

Many physical systems considered promising qubit candidates are not, in fact, two-level systems. Such systems can leak out of the preferred computational states, leading to errors on any qubits that interact with leaked qubits. Without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-09 Austin G. Fowler

In a secret sharing scheme, shares of a secret are distributed to participants in such a way that only certain predetermined sets of participants are qualified to reconstruct the secret. An access structure on a set of participants…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-01-30 Jessica Ruth Metcalf-Burton

In a biometric authentication or identification system, the matcher compares a stored and a fresh template to determine whether there is a match. This assessment is based on both a similarity score and a predefined threshold. For better…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Axel Durbet , Kevin Thiry-Atighehchi , Dorine Chagnon , Paul-Marie Grollemund

Intersecting codes are a classical object in coding theory whose rank-metric analogue has recently been introduced. Although the definition formally parallels the Hamming-metric case, the structure and parameter constraints of rank-metric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Martino Borello , Olga Polverino , Ferdinando Zullo

Quantitative information flow (QIF) is concerned with measuring how much of a secret is leaked to an adversary who observes the result of a computation that uses it. Prior work has shown that QIF techniques based on abstract interpretation…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Ian Sweet , Jose Manuel Calderon Trilla , Chad Scherrer , Michael Hicks , Stephen Magill

In network coding, we discuss the effect of sequential error injection on information leakage. We show that there is no improvement when the operations in the network are linear operations. However, when the operations in the network…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Masahito Hayashi , Masaki Owari , Go Kato , Ning Cai

We study the information leakage to a guessing adversary in index coding with a general message distribution. Under both vanishing-error and zero-error decoding assumptions, we develop lower and upper bounds on the optimal leakage rate,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yucheng Liu , Lawrence Ong , Phee Lep Yeoh , Parastoo Sadeghi , Joerg Kliewer , Sarah Johnson

We study the relationship between a q-analogue of matroids and linear codes with the rank metric in the vector space of matrices with entries in a finite field. We prove a Greene type identity for the rank generating function of these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-19 Keisuke Shiromoto

Vulnerability of Frontier language models to misuse and jailbreaks has prompted the development of safety measures like filters and alignment training in an effort to ensure safety through robustness to adversarially crafted prompts. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 David Glukhov , Ziwen Han , Ilia Shumailov , Vardan Papyan , Nicolas Papernot

Sum-rank metric codes are a natural extension of both linear block codes and rank-metric codes. They have several applications in information theory, including multishot network coding and distributed storage systems. The aim of this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Elisa Gorla , Umberto Martínez-Peñas , Flavio Salizzoni

Information theoretic leakage metrics quantify the amount of information about a private random variable $X$ that is leaked through a correlated revealed variable $Y$. They can be used to evaluate the privacy of a system in which an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Sophie Taylor , Praneeth Kumar Vippathalla , Justin P. Coon

We present a general framework for the quantification and characterization of leakage errors that result when a quantum system is encoded in the subspace of a larger system. To do this we introduce new metrics for quantifying the coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Christopher J. Wood , Jay M. Gambetta

Information leakage rate is an intuitive metric that reflects the level of security in a wireless communication system, however, there are few studies taking it into consideration. Existing work on information leakage rate has two major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Yong Huang , Wei Wang , Biao He , Liang Sun , Tao Jiang

Quantitative theories of information flow give us an approach to relax the absolute confidentiality properties that are difficult to satisfy for many practical programs. The classical information-theoretic approaches for sequential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Tri Minh Ngo , Marieke Huisman

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, however, its practical deployment is challenged by imperfections of source devices. Among various source loopholes, correlations between…