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We propose to store several integers modulo a small prime into a single machine word. Modular addition is performed by addition and possibly subtraction of a word containing several times the modulo. Modular Multiplication is not directly…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Laurent Fousse , Bruno Salvy

In recent years fused-multiply-add (FMA) units with lower-precision multiplications and higher-precision accumulation have proven useful in machine learning/artificial intelligence applications, most notably in training deep neural networks…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Greg Henry , Ping Tak Peter Tang , Alexander Heinecke

We exploit the truncated singular value decomposition and the recently proposed circulant decomposition for an efficient first-order approximation of the multiplication of large dense matrices. A decomposition of each matrix into a sum of a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Suvendu Kar , Hariprasad M. , Sai Gowri J. N. , Murugesan Venkatapathi

We present algorithms for real and complex dot product and matrix multiplication in arbitrary-precision floating-point and ball arithmetic. A low-overhead dot product is implemented on the level of GMP limb arrays; it is about twice as fast…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Fredrik Johansson

We present an algorithm to reduce the computational effort for the multiplication of a given matrix with an unknown column vector. The algorithm decomposes the given matrix into a product of matrices whose entries are either zero or integer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Ralf R. Müller , Bernhard Gäde , Ali Bereyhi

Ootomo, Ozaki, and Yokota [Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl., 38 (2024), p. 297-313] have proposed a strategy to recast a floating-point matrix multiplication in terms of integer matrix products. The factors A and B are split into integer…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Ahmad Abdelfattah , Jack Dongarra , Massimiliano Fasi , Mantas Mikaitis , Françoise Tisseur

To obtain accurate results in numerical computation, high-precision arithmetic is a straightforward approach. However, most processors lack hardware support for floating-point formats beyond double precision (FP64). Double-word arithmetic…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Daichi Mukunoki , Katsuhisa Ozaki

Large neural networks spend most computation on floating point tensor multiplications. In this work, we find that a floating point multiplier can be approximated by one integer adder with high precision. We propose the linear-complexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongyin Luo , Wei Sun

We present algorithms to perform modular polynomial multiplication or modular dot product efficiently in a single machine word. We pack polynomials into integers and perform several modular operations with machine integer or floating point…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2013-06-19 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Laurent Fousse , Bruno Salvy

Renewed interest in mixed-precision algorithms has emerged due to growing data capacity and bandwidth concerns, as well as the advancement of GPUs, which enable significant speedup for low precision arithmetic. In light of this, we propose…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Alec Michael Dunton , Alyson Fox

Numerical codes that require arbitrary precision floating point (APFP) numbers for their core computation are dominated by elementary arithmetic operations due to the super-linear complexity of multiplication in the number of mantissa bits.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Johannes de Fine Licht , Christopher A. Pattison , Alexandros Nikolaos Ziogas , David Simmons-Duffin , Torsten Hoefler

Quantization and pruning are two effective Deep Neural Networks model compression methods. In this paper, we propose Automatic Prune Binarization (APB), a novel compression technique combining quantization with pruning. APB enhances the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Franco Maria Nardini , Cosimo Rulli , Salvatore Trani , Rossano Venturini

Efficient arithmetic circuit design for resourceconstrained hardware involves challenging combinatorial optimization problems, among which Multiple Constant Multiplication (MCM) is a prominent example. MCM aims at implementing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Théo Cantaloube , Nicolai Fiege , Anastasia Volkova , Christine Solnon

As nowadays Machine Learning (ML) techniques are generating huge data collections, the problem of how to efficiently engineer their storage and operations is becoming of paramount importance. In this article we propose a new lossless…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Paolo Ferragina , Travis Gagie , Dominik Köppl , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Manuel Striani , Francesco Tosoni

On modern architectures, the performance of 32-bit operations is often at least twice as fast as the performance of 64-bit operations. By using a combination of 32-bit and 64-bit floating point arithmetic, the performance of many dense and…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Marc Baboulin , Alfredo Buttari , Jack Dongarra , Jakub Kurzak , Julie Langou , Julien Langou , Piotr Luszczek , Stanimire Tomov

It is known that the multiplication of an $N \times M$ matrix with an $M \times P$ matrix can be performed using fewer multiplications than what the naive $NMP$ approach suggests. The most famous instance of this is Strassen's algorithm for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Arnaud Deza , Chang Liu , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Elias B. Khalil

Iterative solvers are frequently used in scientific applications and engineering computations. However, the memory-bound Sparse Matrix-Vector (SpMV) kernel computation hinders the efficiency of iterative algorithms. As modern hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jianhua Gao , Jiayuan Shen , Yuxiang Zhang , Weixing Ji , Hua Huang

Block Floating Point (BFP) arithmetic is currently seeing a resurgence in interest because it requires less power, less chip area, and is less complicated to implement in hardware than standard floating point arithmetic. This paper explores…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-04 Nils Kohl , Stephen F. McCormick , Rasmus Tamstorf

The biggest cost of computing with large matrices in any modern computer is related to memory latency and bandwidth. The average latency of modern RAM reads is 150 times greater than a clock step of the processor. Throughput is a little…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-04 Crysttian Arantes Paixão , Flávio Codeço Coelho

In this paper, the canonical polyadic (CP) decomposition of tensors that corresponds to matrix multiplications is studied. Finding the rank of these tensors and computing the decompositions is a fundamental problem of algebraic complexity…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Petr Tichavsky
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