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With the advancement in capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), one major step in the responsible and safe use of such LLMs is to be able to detect text generated by these models. While supervised AI-generated text detectors perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Amrita Bhattacharjee , Raha Moraffah , Joshua Garland , Huan Liu

As intelligent systems become more autonomous, the scientific community focuses on creating decision-making mechanisms that include ethical and moral considerations, unlike traditional utility-maximisation models. To achieve this, a key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

Evaluating complex texts across domains requires converting user defined criteria into quantitative, explainable indicators, which is a persistent challenge in search and recommendation systems. Single prompt LLM evaluations suffer from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Geonwoo Bang , Dongho Kim , Moohong Min

With the rise of generative language models, machine-generated text detection has become a critical challenge. A wide variety of models is available, but inconsistent datasets, evaluation metrics, and assessment strategies obscure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Kevin Stowe , Kailash Patil

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in practically every task in this field. However, the prevalent approach used in text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Nicolo Micheletti , Samuel Belkadi , Lifeng Han , Goran Nenadic

We argue that uncertainty is a key and understudied limitation of LLMs' performance in creative writing, which is often characterized as trite and clich\'e-ridden. Literary theory identifies uncertainty as a necessary condition for creative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Peiqi Sui

The recent surge of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to claims that they are approaching a level of creativity akin to human capabilities. This idea has sparked a blend of excitement and apprehension. However, a critical piece that has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Antoine Bellemare-Pepin , François Lespinasse , Philipp Thölke , Yann Harel , Kory Mathewson , Jay A. Olson , Yoshua Bengio , Karim Jerbi

Developing algorithms to differentiate between machine-generated texts and human-written texts has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Existing methods in this direction typically concern an offline setting where a dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Can Chen , Jun-Kun Wang

Emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), and more specifically Large Language Models (LLMs) have provided malicious actors with powerful tools for manipulating digital discourse. LLMs have the potential to affect…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Kristina Radivojevic , Matthew Chou , Karla Badillo-Urquiola , Paul Brenner

By using a trigram model and fine-tuning a pretrained BERT model for sequence classification, we show that machine translation and human translation can be classified with an accuracy above chance level, which suggests that machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Yingxue Fu , Mark-Jan Nederhof

Although capable of generating creative text, Large Language Models (LLMs) are poor judges of what constitutes "creativity". In this work, we show that we can leverage this knowledge of how to write creatively in order to better judge what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Matthew Lyle Olson , Neale Ratzlaff , Musashi Hinck , Shao-yen Tseng , Vasudev Lal

The exponential growth of data generated on the Internet in the current information age is a driving force for the digital economy. Extraction of information is the major value in an accumulated big data. Big data dependency on statistical…

Machine learning models for text classification are trained to predict a class for a given text. To do this, training and validation samples must be prepared: a set of texts is collected, and each text is assigned a class. These classes are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aleksandr Tsymbalov , Mikhail Khovrichev

As texts generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) are ever more common and often indistinguishable from human-written content, research on automatic text detection has attracted growing attention. Many recent detectors report near-perfect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Matthieu Dubois , François Yvon , Pablo Piantanida

Personalized text generation presents a specialized mechanism for delivering content that is specific to a user's personal context. While the research progress in this area has been rapid, evaluation still presents a challenge. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yaqing Wang , Jiepu Jiang , Mingyang Zhang , Cheng Li , Yi Liang , Qiaozhu Mei , Michael Bendersky

An important task for recommender system is to generate explanations according to a user's preferences. Most of the current methods for explainable recommendations use structured sentences to provide descriptions along with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Felipe Costa , Sixun Ouyang , Peter Dolog , Aonghus Lawlor

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as a writing aid for professionals performing legal analyses. However, LLMs can often hallucinate in this setting, in ways difficult to recognize by non-professionals and existing text evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Abe Bohan Hou , William Jurayj , Nils Holzenberger , Andrew Blair-Stanek , Benjamin Van Durme

The misuse of large language models (LLMs) requires precise detection of synthetic text. Existing works mainly follow binary or ternary classification settings, which can only distinguish pure human/LLM text or collaborative text at best.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yang Li , Qiang Sheng , Zhengjia Wang , Yehan Yang , Danding Wang , Juan Cao

The widespread use of human-like text from Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates the development of robust detection systems. However, progress is limited by a critical lack of suitable training data; existing datasets are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Irina Tolstykh , Aleksandra Tsybina , Sergey Yakubson , Maksim Kuprashevich

ChatGPT and other general large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success, but they have also raised concerns about the misuse of AI-generated texts. Existing AI-generated text detection models, such as based on BERT and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Rongsheng Wang , Haoming Chen , Ruizhe Zhou , Han Ma , Yaofei Duan , Yanlan Kang , Songhua Yang , Baoyu Fan , Tao Tan