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Related papers: Convergence Rate Analysis of the AdamW-Style Shamp…

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As the default optimizer for training large language models, AdamW has achieved remarkable success in deep learning. However, its convergence behavior is not theoretically well-understood. This paper establishes the convergence rate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Huan Li , Yiming Dong , Zhouchen Lin

The recent success of Shampoo in the AlgoPerf contest has sparked renewed interest in Kronecker-factorization-based optimization algorithms for training neural networks. Despite its success, Shampoo relies heavily on several heuristics such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Runa Eschenhagen , Aaron Defazio , Tsung-Hsien Lee , Richard E. Turner , Hao-Jun Michael Shi

The goal of the AlgoPerf: Training Algorithms competition is to evaluate practical speed-ups in neural network training achieved solely by improving the underlying training algorithms. In the external tuning ruleset, submissions must…

Adam and AdamW are a class of default optimizers for training deep learning models in machine learning. These adaptive algorithms converge faster but generalize worse compared to SGD. In fact, their proved generalization error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Feihu Huang , Guanyi Zhang , Songcan Chen

Preconditioned gradient methods are among the most general and powerful tools in optimization. However, preconditioning requires storing and manipulating prohibitively large matrices. We describe and analyze a new structure-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Vineet Gupta , Tomer Koren , Yoram Singer

We present a novel unified analysis for a broad class of adaptive optimization algorithms with structured (e.g., layerwise, diagonal, and kronecker-factored) preconditioners for both online regret minimization and offline convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Shuo Xie , Tianhao Wang , Sashank Reddi , Sanjiv Kumar , Zhiyuan Li

In this work, we take an experimentally grounded look at neural network optimization. Building on the Shampoo family of algorithms, we identify and alleviate three key issues, resulting in the proposed SPlus method. First, we find that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kevin Frans , Sergey Levine , Pieter Abbeel

AdamW has long been the dominant optimizer in language model pretraining, despite numerous claims that alternative optimizers offer 1.4 to 2x speedup. We posit that two methodological shortcomings have obscured fair comparisons and hindered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Kaiyue Wen , David Hall , Tengyu Ma , Percy Liang

Shampoo with Adam in the Preconditioner's eigenbasis (SOAP) has recently emerged as a promising optimization algorithm for neural network training, achieving superior training efficiency over both Adam and Shampoo in language modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yanqing Lu , Letao Wang , Jinbo Liu

Optimizers leveraging the matrix structure in neural networks, such as Shampoo and Muon, are more data-efficient than element-wise algorithms like Adam and Signum. While in specific settings, Shampoo and Muon reduce to spectral descent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Runa Eschenhagen , Anna Cai , Tsung-Hsien Lee , Hao-Jun Michael Shi

Beside the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method, the Adam optimizer due to Kingma & Ba (2014) is currently probably the best-known optimization method for the training of deep neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Much of the existing theory on first-order non-smooth optimization is built on a restrictive assumption that the gradients of the objective function are uniformly bounded. We introduce a much more realistic class of generalized Lipschitz…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Dmitry Kovalev

Shampoo is one of the leading approximate second-order optimizers: a variant of it has won the MLCommons AlgoPerf competition, and it has been shown to produce models with lower activation outliers that are easier to compress. Yet, applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ionut-Vlad Modoranu , Philip Zmushko , Erik Schultheis , Mher Safaryan , Dan Alistarh

AdamW has become one of the most effective optimizers for training large-scale models. We have also observed its effectiveness in the context of federated learning (FL). However, directly applying AdamW in federated learning settings poses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junkang Liu , Fanhua Shang , Hongying Liu , Yuxuan Tian , Yuanyuan Liu , Jin Liu , Kewen Zhu , Zhouchen Lin

There is growing evidence of the effectiveness of Shampoo, a higher-order preconditioning method, over Adam in deep learning optimization tasks. However, Shampoo's drawbacks include additional hyperparameters and computational overhead when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Nikhil Vyas , Depen Morwani , Rosie Zhao , Mujin Kwun , Itai Shapira , David Brandfonbrener , Lucas Janson , Sham Kakade

In this paper, we develop a unified convergence analysis framework for the Accelerated Smoothed GAp ReDuction algorithm (ASGARD) introduced in [20, Tran-Dinh et al, 2015] Unlike[20], the new analysis covers three settings in a single…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Quoc Tran-Dinh

Several recently introduced deep learning optimizers utilizing matrix-level preconditioning have shown promising speedups relative to the current dominant optimizer AdamW, particularly in relatively small-scale experiments. However, efforts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shikai Qiu , Zixi Chen , Hoang Phan , Qi Lei , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Adam is widely recognized as one of the most effective optimizers for training deep neural networks (DNNs). Despite its remarkable empirical success, its theoretical convergence analysis remains unsatisfactory. Existing works predominantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Zhouchen Lin

A unified framework for first-order optimization algorithms fornonconvex unconstrained optimization is proposed that uses adaptivelypreconditioned gradients and includes popular methods such as full anddiagonal AdaGrad, AdaNorm, as well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 S. Gratton , Ph. L. Toint

In this paper, we revisit stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with AdaGrad-type preconditioning. Our contributions are twofold. First, we develop a unified convergence analysis of SGD with adaptive preconditioning under anisotropic or matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Dmitry Kovalev
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