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Accumulated Local Effects (ALE) is a model-agnostic approach for global explanations of the results of black-box machine learning (ML) algorithms. There are at least three challenges with conducting statistical inference based on ALE:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Chitu Okoli

Complex black-box predictive models may have high performance, but lack of interpretability causes problems like lack of trust, lack of stability, sensitivity to concept drift. On the other hand, achieving satisfactory accuracy of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Alicja Gosiewska , Przemyslaw Biecek

Accurately quantifying uncertainty in predictions and projections arising from irreducible internal climate variability is critical for informed decision making. Such uncertainty is typically assessed using ensembles produced with physics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Parsa Gooya , Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso , Johannes Exenberger

This paper presents a new Python library called Automated Learning for Insightful Comparison and Evaluation (ALICE), which merges conventional feature selection and the concept of inter-rater agreeability in a simple, user-friendly manner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Bachana Anasashvili , Vahidin Jeleskovic

Penalized likelihood and quasi-likelihood methods dominate inference in high-dimensional linear mixed-effects models. Sampling-based Bayesian inference is less explored due to the computational bottlenecks introduced by the random effects…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-24 Sreya Sarkar , Kshitij Khare , Sanvesh Srivastava

The predominance of machine learning models in many spheres of human activity has led to a growing demand for their transparency. The transparency of models makes it possible to discern some factors, such as security or non-discrimination.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Niffa Cheick Oumar Diaby , Thierry Duchesne , Mario Marchand

Counterfactual explanation is an important Explainable AI technique to explain machine learning predictions. Despite being studied actively, existing optimization-based methods often assume that the underlying machine-learning model is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Wenzhuo Yang , Jia Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven C. H. Hoi

As machine learning methods see greater adoption and implementation in high stakes applications such as medical image diagnosis, the need for model interpretability and explanation has become more critical. Classical approaches that assess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Sumedha Singla , Brian Pollack , Junxiang Chen , Kayhan Batmanghelich

If a product deviates from its desired properties in the injection moulding process, its root cause analysis can be aided by models that relate the input machine settings with the output quality characteristics. The machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Muhammad Muaz , Sameed Sajid , Tobias Schulze , Chang Liu , Nils Klasen , Benny Drescher

Interpreting machine learning models remains a challenge, hindering their adoption in clinical settings. This paper proposes leveraging Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) to provide interpretable descriptions of black…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Mozhgan Salimiparsa , Surajsinh Parmar , San Lee , Choongmin Kim , Yonghwan Kim , Jang Yong Kim

Data-driven societal event forecasting methods exploit relevant historical information to predict future events. These methods rely on historical labeled data and cannot accurately predict events when data are limited or of poor quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Songgaojun Deng , Huzefa Rangwala , Yue Ning

Machine learning models that offer excellent predictive performance often lack the interpretability necessary to support integrated human machine decision-making. In clinical medicine and other high-risk settings, domain experts may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Zach Wood-Doughty , Isabel Cachola , Mark Dredze

The lack of transparency and explainability hinders the clinical adoption of Machine learning (ML) algorithms. While explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have been proposed, little research has focused on the agreement between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Aida Brankovic , Wenjie Huang , David Cook , Sankalp Khanna , Konstanty Bialkowski

The widespread adoption of complex machine learning models in high-stakes domains has brought the "black-box" problem to the forefront of responsible AI research. This paper aims at addressing this issue by improving the Explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Isara Liyanage , Uthayasanker Thayasivam

Machine Learning (ML) models are often complex and difficult to interpret due to their 'black-box' characteristics. Interpretability of a ML model is usually defined as the degree to which a human can understand the cause of decisions…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-25 Simon Kocbek , Primoz Kocbek , Leona Cilar , Gregor Stiglic

As Machine Learning (ML) is now widely applied in many domains, in both research and industry, an understanding of what is happening inside the black box is becoming a growing demand, especially by non-experts of these models. Several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Gabriel Ferrettini , Elodie Escriva , Julien Aligon , Jean-Baptiste Excoffier , Chantal Soulé-Dupuy

Predicting default is essential for banks to ensure profitability and financial stability. While modern machine learning methods often outperform traditional regression techniques, their lack of transparency limits their use in regulated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sagi Schwartz , Qinling Wang , Fang Fang

This article presents Individual Conditional Expectation (ICE) plots, a tool for visualizing the model estimated by any supervised learning algorithm. Classical partial dependence plots (PDPs) help visualize the average partial relationship…

Applications · Statistics 2014-03-21 Alex Goldstein , Adam Kapelner , Justin Bleich , Emil Pitkin

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) emerged to reveal the internal mechanism of machine learning models and how the features affect the prediction outcome. Collinearity is one of the big issues that XAI methods face when identifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ahmed M Salih

Missing data is a prevalent issue that can significantly impair model performance and explainability. This paper briefly summarizes the development of the field of missing data with respect to Explainable Artificial Intelligence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Tuan L. Vo , Thu Nguyen , Luis M. Lopez-Ramos , Hugo L. Hammer , Michael A. Riegler , Pal Halvorsen