Related papers: A universal lower bound on the photon sphere radiu…
The photon sphere, a hypersurface of null circular geodesics, plays a fundamental role in characterizing black hole spacetimes, influencing phenomena such as black hole shadows, gravitational lensing, and quasinormal modes. In this work, we…
One of the most remarkable predictions of the general theory of relativity is the existence of black-hole "photonspheres", compact null hypersurfaces on which massless particles can orbit the central black hole. We prove that every…
In this work, we establish the existence conditions and a universal upper bound on the radius of stable photon spheres (SPS) outside the event horizons of static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat black holes surrounded by matter…
The existence of closed null circular geodesics around black holes is one of the most intriguing predictions of general relativity. It has recently been conjectured that the radii of black-hole photonspheres are bounded from below by the…
In this article we extend a recent theorem proven by Hod (Phys. Lett. B, {\bf 727}, 345--348, 2013) to $n$-dimensional Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories, which gives an upper bound for the photon sphere radii of spherically…
For static black holes in Einstein gravity, if matter fields satisfy a few general conditions, we conjecture that three characteristic parameters about the spatial size of black holes, namely the outermost photon sphere area…
Photonspheres, curved hypersurfaces on which massless particles can perform closed geodesic motions around highly compact objects, are an integral part of generic black-hole spacetimes. In the present compact paper we prove, using…
Recent observations of black hole shadows have revolutionized our ability to probe gravity in extreme environments. This manuscript presents a novel analytic method to calculate, in leading-order terms, the key parameters of photon sphere…
A recently developed topological approach offers novel insights into photon spheres, which are fundamental to the formation of black hole shadows. In this study, we extend this topological analysis to higher-dimensional, static, spherically…
In this work, we derive rigorous and universal bounds on the geometric characteristics of black holes in asymptotically flat spacetimes under assumptions that weak energy condition is satisfied. We prove that the event horizon radius, the…
In a recent work PRD 106, L021501 (2022), a new geometric approach is proposed to obtain the photon sphere (circular photon orbit) and the black hole shadow radius. In this approach, photon spheres and the black hole shadow radius are…
In this paper, we investigate the topological photon sphere from two distinct perspectives. In the first view, we examine the existence and characteristics of topological photon(anti-photon)spheres for black holes with different structures,…
The photon sphere concept in Schwarzschild space-time is generalized to a definition of a photon surface in an arbitrary space-time. A photon sphere is then defined as an SO(3)xR-invariant photon surface in a static spherically symmetric…
We consider a class of static and spherically symmetric black hole geometries endowed with a photon sphere. On the one hand, we show that close to the photon sphere, a massless scalar field theory exhibits a simple dynamical…
We study properties of the innermost photonsphere in the regular compact star background. We take the traceless energy-momentum tensor and dominant energy conditions. In the regular compact star background, we analytically obtain an upper…
Within quantum-gravity approaches and beyond, different mechanisms for singularity resolution in black holes exist. Under a set of assumptions that we spell out in detail, these mechanisms leave their imprint in shadow images of spherically…
The semi-review paper studies the null geodesics which appear for black hole solutions in the gravitational $4d$ model with anisotropic fluid. The equations of state for the fluid and solutions itselves depend upon integer parameter $q = 1,…
Photon spheres have attracted considerable interest in the studies of black holes and other astrophysical objects. For different categories of spacetimes (or gravitational sources), the existence of photon spheres and their distributions…
The black hole shadow is fundamentally connected to the structure of light rings and the photon region in the background geometry. We investigate the photon region boundary in a generic asymptotically flat, stationary, axisymmetric black…
Existence of a photon circular orbit can tell us a lot about the nature of the underlying spacetime, since it plays a pivotal role in the understanding of the characteristic signatures of compact objects, namely the quasi-normal modes and…